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Hydraulic & Pneumatic Systems

Hydraulic & Pneumatic Systems. Pressure: Applications & Atmospheric. Atmospheric Pressure. Our atmosphere is comprised of many layers each pushing down on the ones below it. As a result, we experience atmospheric pressure Typically 101.3 kPa (101 300 Pa) at sea level.

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Hydraulic & Pneumatic Systems

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  1. Hydraulic & Pneumatic Systems Pressure: Applications & Atmospheric

  2. Atmospheric Pressure • Our atmosphere is comprised of many layers each pushing down on the ones below it. • As a result, we experience atmospheric pressure • Typically 101.3 kPa (101 300 Pa) at sea level. • 33.76 kPa on top of Mount Everest. • 0 kPa at the edge of atmosphere. • The higher we go, the less pressure we feel.

  3. Examples of Atmospheric Pressure • Using a drinking straw: • By drawing in air at end of straw a partial vacuum is created. • The atmospheric pressure pushes fluid up the straw. • Crushing a can: • Heated water at atmospheric pressure is cooled rapidly. • Causes major pressure drop inside can • Pressure outside can >> Pressure inside can • Can is crushed.

  4. Volumetric Flow Rate • Defined as how fast the volume of a fluid is flowing past a certain point. • Given by: • Where: • qv= volumetic flow rate (m3/s or L / min) • V = Volume (m3) • ∆t = time (s) • A = cross-sectional area (m2) • v = speed (m/s)

  5. Example #1 • Water is flowing through a circular pipe of radius 2.5m. If the water is moving with a speed of 2 m/s, what is the volumetric flow rate?

  6. Example #2 • How long will it take 45 m3 of water to flow past a point in a pipe if it is flowing at 2 m3/s?

  7. Water Pressure in Industry • There are two industrial processes that use high pressure water in industry: • Hydroforming:High pressure water pushes metal against a die to shape it. • Water Jet Cutting: Water under high pressure and high speed is used to cut manufactured components. • PROS: Both processes are inexpensive and can make parts that are stronger and have more accurate geometry. • CONS: Both cost a lot to get setup, lots of cleanup after each use and water gets wasted.

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