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Microbiology Review

Microbiology Review. EOG Review May 12-16. Microbe. Small organism you can only see with a microscope Ex. Virus, bacteria, protist , protozoa. Some microbes can be pathogens…. Pathogen: something that causes a disease Ex. Virus, bacteria, parasite

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Microbiology Review

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  1. MicrobiologyReview EOG Review May 12-16

  2. Microbe • Small organism you can only see with a microscope • Ex. Virus, bacteria, protist, protozoa

  3. Some microbes can be pathogens… • Pathogen: something that causes a disease • Ex. Virus, bacteria, parasite • Remember: Not all microbes can cause disease. There’s good bacteria, too!

  4. Virus • Non-living pathogen • Does not need to eat • Needs a host cell to reproduce • Prevention: VACCINE • Treatment: Anti-viral meds (NOT antibiotics) • Ex. Influenza, Common Cold (Rhinovirus), West Nile Virus, Ebola, HIV, Polio, Chicken Pox

  5. Bacteria • Living pathogen • Prokaryote, single celled • Found EVERYWHERE! • 3 Shapes: Rod, Round, Spiral • Treatment: Antibiotics • Take all prescribed – or could become RESISTANT!

  6. Bacteria cont. • GOOD • Digestion • Help decompose • Bioremediation • Water Treatment (break down sewage) • BAD • Cause disease

  7. Protist/Protozoa • Eukaryotic Cells 1. Paramecium – cilia (small hairs) 2. Amoeba – pseudopod (fake foot) 3. Volvox - colonies, flagella 4. Euglena – flagella (whip-like tail)

  8. Fungi • Eukaryotic • Feeds off other organism • Treatment: antifungal meds • Ex. Athletes foot, Ringworm, Yeast Infection

  9. How Diseases Spread • Vector: Organism that spreads disease • Ex. Tick, mosquito, rat

  10. How Diseases Spread Epidemic Pandemic World-wide epidemic OR epidemic over whole continent • Outbreak of disease in a community or region • NOT over entire continent or world

  11. Genetic Modification • AKA Biotechnology • Changing genes and DNA for other uses • Ex. Cloning – identical copies using DNA • Ex. Medicine – making vaccines • Ex. Agriculture – pest-resistant crops

  12. CELLS

  13. Cells • All living things have cells • Prokaryotic: NO nucleus (Pro=No) • Eukaryotic: YES nucleus (Eu=Yes)

  14. Organelle: Parts of a cell • Nucleus: control center • Mitochondria: makes energy, Cellular Respiration • Cell Membrane: “gate keeper,” surrounds cell • Chloroplast: photosynthesis, only in plant cells

  15. Photosynthesis Takes place in chloroplast in plants Makes food for plants, gives us oxygen CO2 + H2O + Sunlight  C6H12O6 + O2 Cellular Respiration Takes place in mitochondria in animals Makes energy C6H12O6 + O2  CO2+ H2O + ENERGY

  16. Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis: Cell divides Makes 2 identical new cells Helps replace old cells Meiosis: Sex cell divides Makes 4 different gametes (sperm, egg)

  17. PMAT • Prophase: prepare • Metaphase: middle • Anaphase: away • Telophase: two nuclei • Cytokinesis: two cells In Mitosis, this happens once. In Meiosis, this happens TWICE!

  18. Cancer • Uncontrolled mitosis • Cells divide out of control • Caused by a mutation in cell DNA

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