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The 10,000 Hour Rule. The idea that excellence at performing a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise. In fact, researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: 10,000 hours (p. 40).
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The 10,000 Hour Rule The idea that excellence at performing a complex task requires a critical minimum level of practice surfaces again and again in studies of expertise. In fact, researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: 10,000 hours (p. 40).
K. Anders Ericsson Conradi Eminent Scholar, Florida State University
Ericsson’s Theory of Expertise “The only innate differences that turn out to be significant—and they matter primarily in sports—are height and body size” (p. 1). - Ericsson, Prietula, & Cokely (2007)
Deliberate Practice Deliberate Practice (1) Designed to improve performance (2) Highly effortful (3) Unenjoyable http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqehdM8rHbY
Ericsson et al. (1993) • Four groups of violinists provided estimates of DP (i.e., practice alone) for each age since starting violin • By age 20 “best” students and professionals had accumulated over 10,000 hours of DP
The Role of Opportunity “In the late sixties, early seventies, I don’t think there was anyplace else that was exactly like Michigan…I was probably programming eight or ten hours a day…” - Bill Joy
The Role of Opportunity “I had better exposure to software development at a young age than I think anyone did in that period of time, and all because of an incredibly lucky series of events.” - Bill Gates
The Role of Opportunity “We got better and got more confidence. We couldn’t help it with all that experience playing all night long. It was handy them being foreign. We had to try even harder, put our heart and soul into it, to get ourselves over…In Hamburg, we had to play for eight hours, so we really had to find a new way of playing. - John Lennon Beatles at the Indra Club, Hamburg, 1960
The Role of Opportunity Joy and Gates and the Beatles are all undeniably talented…But what truly distinguishes their histories is not their extraordinary talent but their extraordinary opportunities (p. 55).
1. John D. Rockefeller, 1839 2. Andrew Carnegie, 1835 3. Frederick Weyerhaeuser, 1834 4. Jay Gould, 1836 5. Marshall Field, 1834 6. George F. Baker, 1840 7. Hetty Green, 1834 8. James G. Flair, 1831 9. Henry Rogers, 1840
Ericsson et al. (1993) Revisited http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsGihiSE6sM
Estimated Between-Group Overlap, Ericsson et al. (1993), Study 1 “Good” Violinists “Best” Violinists Best Violinists < Good Mean Good Violinists > Best Mean 17% 17% MHrs= 7,410 MHrs= 5,301