What is government? Why do we need it? What would life be like if we didn’t have any government?

1. What is government? Why do we need it? What would life be like if we didn’t have any government? What are some different types of government that you know of?

2. (R22) Government: Citizen Participation

3. Today’s Standard SS6CG4 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government. b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic.

4. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How do citizens participate in different forms of government (autocratic, oligarchic, democratic)?

5. Autocratic A single ruler holds unlimited power. Citizens have no say & no choice.

6. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation High Participation High Participation Democracy General Citizens’ Participation Select Citizens’ Participation Citizen Participation Government Power Government Power Citizen Participation Government Power Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Autocratic Oligarchic

7. No citizen participation No elections are held No one votes NoOne- Citizens have little choice in selecting a ruler Absolute Monarchies Dictatorships Czarist Russia Single Ruler The single ruler holds unlimited power

8. Oligarchic Small group of people hold all power. Could be limited or unlimited government.

9. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation High Participation High Participation Democracy General Citizens’ Participation Select Citizens’ Participation Citizen Participation Government Power Government Power Citizen Participation Government Power Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Autocratic Oligarchic

10. No citizen participation No elections are held No one votes NoOne- Citizens have little choice in selecting a ruler Absolute Monarchies Dictatorships Czarist Russia Single Ruler The single ruler holds unlimited power No citizen participation Leaders are chosen from within & by the ruling group No one outside the small group ↓ Rulers are selected by the group The small group They only answer to each other Sparta (Ancient Greece) South Africa (Under Apartheid in the 20th Century) Small group of people (Usually of an upper-class)

11. Democratic The people hold the power. They decide who the rulers are. Usually limited government.

12. How Governments Determine Citizen Participation High Participation High Participation Democracy General Citizens’ Participation Select Citizens’ Participation Citizen Participation Government Power Government Power Citizen Participation Government Power Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Autocratic Oligarchic

13. No citizen participation No elections are held No one votes NoOne- Citizens have little choice in selecting a ruler Absolute Monarchies Dictatorships Czarist Russia Single Ruler The single ruler holds unlimited power No citizen participation Leaders are chosen from within & by the ruling group No one outside the small group ↓ Rulers are selected by the group The small group They only answer to each other Sparta (Ancient Greece) South Africa (Under Apartheid in the 20th Century) Small group of people (Usually of an upper-class) High Citizen Participation Any Citizen *Usually some restrictions like age, criminal record France Germany Russia (Modern) Italy United Kingdom United States Any Citizen *Usually some restrictions like age Voters & those they elect Rule of the people

14. The Ancient World GREECE PERSIAN EMPIRE EGYPT

15. Athens, Greece (570BC) “Cleisthenes” Born 570BC Into a Wealthy Oligarch Family Athens has an Oligarchy at this time, led by the wealthiest families

16. Athens, Greece (Around 560BC) Peisistratos w/ “Athena” Athens now had an Autocracy, led by Peisistratos. He was loved by the people. He gave regular citizens an opportunity to own land & become wealthy. During his reign, Athens became the leading producer of olive oil & a major player in Mediterranean Sea trading.

17. Athens, Greece (527BC) The good king Peisistratos dies. His son, Hippias, takes over as the autocratic ruler of Athens He rules kindly, like his father, for 13 years ……..

18. Athens, Greece (514BC) Hippias The brother of Hippias, Hipparchus, is murdered This makes Hippias insane w/ furious anger. He becomes very paranoid & begins executing people all over the place. He believes that there is a conspiracy against him.

19. Athens, Greece (512BC) For 2 years, Hippias rules as a madman & the people grow to hate him…. When someone tries to take his place, the people are indifferent Isagaros convinces the Spartans to provide him w/ an army, so he can take over Athens……. And he Does! He believes that the old oligarchy may try to overthrow him, so……… He has the families of the old oligarchy exiled. One of those people is Cleisthenes. Remember him? What’s Up?

20. Athens, Greece (508BC) Isagaros rules Athens for 4 years w/ the help of his Spartan Army. He is hated by the Athenians b/c of his cruelty. The people view him as an invader, rather than a ruler. By 508BC the Athenian people had become fed up & decided to take things into their own hands………..

21. Here’s what happened next…..... Oh yeah….. Don’t forget about Cleisthenes, who is still in exile.

22. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How do citizens participate in different forms of government (autocratic, oligarchic, democratic)?