What was the key ingredient the Romans invented to build buildings?

1. 2/12/2014 Bell Ringer # 9! What was the key ingredientthe Romans inventedto build buildings? They invented Concrete

2. Architecture • Romans got most of their architectural ideas from the Greeks. • They took their buildings and modified them into their own style. • Arches, vaults and domes are what Rome is known for.

3. Dome • The construction of the first dome was by the Romans. • Domes were found in baths, villas, palaces, and tombs. • They helped keep the bathing rooms temperature regulated. • The largest concrete dome is the Pantheon.

4. This is a temple to all the gods of Ancient Rome Pantheon

5. Columns are vertical, upright pillars. Columns may provide support or simply be purely decorative. Columns

7. Vault • Romans were known for building very large vaults over halls. • Pozzolana was an important ingredient for the sturdiness of the vault. • It was a volcanic deposit that when dried it was like a metal lid.

8. Groin Vault

9. Romans were the first builders in the world to appreciate the arch. Arches

10. Arches • Roman builders relied heavily on the rounded arch to span large, open areas. • They mainly used arches for bridges and doorways. • Romans were known for their semi-circular arch.

11. Triumphal Arches • The triumphal arch was used to commemorate victorious generals or significant public events such as the founding of a new colony. • Arch of Constantine is a triumphal arch in Rome.

12. What’s the difference between an arch and a vault?

13. An vault is a tunnel-like extension of an arch. May be thought of as an unbroken series of arches pressed together.

14. What is a famous building that has about 320 arches on it?

15. Colosseum • This amphitheater is the largest building in the world! • It is located in the center of Rome. • It is built of stone and concrete. • Originally called the Amphitheater Flavium. • It took about 10 years to build.

16. Colosseum Does the Colosseum have columns?

18. What is this?

19. Circus Maximus • It was the first and largest stadium in Rome. • It could hold 150,000 spectators. • It was prone to flooding. • At first, the stadium was built out of wood. • Why would building something out of wood be a problem?

20. They finally built the bottom seats out of stone so that it would last through fires.

21. Circus Maximus: • Today, it is just a park that holds many big events. • Most of the track is buried underneath the ground from flooding.

22. Forum • Rectangular plaza surrounded by many important government buildings. • Most celebrated meeting place in the world. • Made out of concrete.

23. Theater • They were built out of stone and concrete. • They originally were built out of wood. • They did not have a front curtain.

24. Houses • Inside a roman mansion you will find a many mosaics. • The more mosaics, the wealthier the owners were. • If they had no mosaics, it would just be colored plastered floors. • Also, mansions had water piped right to them. • You could tell how rich a person was by how large their pipes were. • The larger the pipe, the higher their taxes.

27. Pipes were labeled with the manufacture name on it.

28. Roman Roads • Developed out of military necessity. • Via Appia was the first major road and it took over 100 years to build. • With roads, trade flourished. All roads lead to Rome!!

29. Roads! A: Stone slabs B: Small stones and cement C: Large stones D: compacted dirt Ditch to drain water

30. Break out time! Master of the House

31. Master of the House • At each table, there are study prints, articles, and questions. • Answer each question! You will be presenting them! • Everyone must say something! • If you finish your questions and know what you are saying, you can work on your Julius Caesar essay.

32. Atrium • There are spouts that drain rain water into the impluvium. Where are they located and what shape are they? • Would the atrium be a smart place to hide if there was a volcano eruption? Why or why not? • Why do you think the deceased family members’ feet faced the door?

33. Atrium • The spouts are located at the top of the atrium ceiling. They are shaped like lion heads. • No, volcanic ash and debris would fall in and bury you! • They place them like this so viewers would know they died a peaceful death.

34. Colosseum • How many stories did the Colosseum have? • What architectural structure was used in the Colosseum? • How quickly could the people leave the stadium?

35. Colosseum • It has 3 stories. • They used arches and columns to build the Colosseum. • They could leave within 5 minutes. • There were 76 entrances!

36. Forum • How old is this forum today? • What type of buildings were in the forum? • The portico is supported by _________.

37. Forum • It is about 2,767 years old. • They had temples, arches, and senate houses. • They are supported by columns.

38. Circus Maximus • When was it built? • Where did the chariots start? Which side of the map? • The barrier (spina) was dangerous. Why do you think?

39. Circus Maximus • It was built in the 6th century. • The chariots started at the ostia • The chariots would get pushed into the spina and their chariots were destroyed.

40. Roman Roads • Do you think there is a better way to construct the roads? • Why do you think the roads have lasted this long?

41. Roads • Will vary- No, they had a great setup and the roads are still there today! • The roads lasted so long because of the drainage system!

42. Theater • What part of the theater remained the most unchanged by decay? • When looking at the bottom print, you can see behind the stage. What purpose might those rooms serve? • Are Roman theaters similar to ours today?

43. Theater • The orchestra remained the most unchanged. • Those rooms were the changing rooms. • They are similar! They have stadium seating, a stage, and changing rooms!

44. Pantheon • What architectural structure does the Pantheon have? • Why is the dome so famous? • How did they reduce the weight of the dome?

45. Pantheon • It has a large dome! • It was one of the largest domes created for its time! • They reduced the weight by having an opening in the top of the dome!