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Stress, Coping, and Health

Stress, Coping, and Health. Chapter 13:. The Relationship Between Stress and Disease. Contagious diseases vs. chronic diseases Biopsychosocial model Health psychology Health promotion and maintenance Discovery of causation, prevention, and treatment. Stress: An Everyday Event.

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Stress, Coping, and Health

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  1. Stress, Coping, and Health Chapter 13:

  2. The RelationshipBetween Stress and Disease • Contagious diseases vs. chronic diseases • Biopsychosocial model • Health psychology • Health promotion and maintenance • Discovery of causation, prevention, and treatment

  3. Stress: An Everyday Event • Major stressors vs. routine hassles • Cumulative nature of stress • Cognitive appraisals

  4. Major Types of Stress • Frustration: blocked goal • Conflict: incompatible motivations • Approach-approach • Approach-avoidance • Avoidance-avoidance • Change: having to adapt • Social Readjustment Rating Scale • Life Change Units • Pressure • Perform/conform

  5. Overview of the Stress Process

  6. Responding to Stress Emotionally • Emotional Responses • Annoyance, anger, rage • Apprehension, anxiety, fear • Dejection, sadness, grief • Positive emotions • Emotional response and performance • The inverted-U-hypothesis

  7. Responding to Stress Physiologically • Physiological Responses • Fight-or-flight response • Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome • Alarm • Resistance • Exhaustion

  8. Responding to Stress Behaviorally • Behavioral Responses • Frustration-aggression hypothesis • catharsis • defense mechanisms • Coping • Reappraisal • Confronting problems • Using humor • Expressing emotions • Managing hostility

  9. Effects of Stress:Behavioral and Psychological • Impaired task performance • Burnout • Psychological problems and disorders • Positive effects

  10. Effects of Stress: Physical • Psychosomatic diseases • Heart disease • Type A behavior - 3 elements • strong competitiveness • impatience and time urgency • anger and hostility • Emotional reactions and depression • Stress and immune functioning • Reduced immune activity

  11. Factors Moderating the Impact of Stress • Social support • Increased immune functioning • Optimism • More adaptive coping • Pessimistic explanatory style • Conscientiousness • Fostering better health habits • Autonomic reactivity • Cardiovascular reactivity to stress

  12. Health-Impairing Behaviors • Smoking • Poor nutrition • Lack of exercise • Alcohol and drug use • Risky sexual behavior • Transmission, misconceptions, and prevention of AIDS

  13. Figure 13.12 The prevalence of smoking in the United States

  14. Reactions to Illness • Seeking treatment • Ignoring physical symptoms • Communication with health care providers • Barriers to effective communication • Following medical advice • Noncompliance

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