Researching Researchers: What User Studies Tell Us

1. Researching Researchers: What User Studies Tell Us

3. …researchers and students

4. Average Time Spent and Number of Articles Read Per Year Per Scientist

5. The most up-to-date source for our research. http://web.utk.edu/~tenopir/

6. Recent Studies:

7. Use and Users of Electronic Library Resources: An Overview and Analysis of Recent Research Studies. Tenopir, Carol www.clir.org/pub/reports/pub120/pub120.pdf

8. Tier 1 studies STUDY PARTICIPANTS SuperJournal DLF/Outsell HighWire/eJUSt Pew/OCLC/ULC OhioLINK Tenopir & King LibQual+ JSTOR Students & faculty Students & faculty Scholars & clinicians High school & College students OhioLINK users Scientists and social scientists Students & faculty JSTOR users

9. Tier 2 Studies • Over 200 good studies in last decade • One time studies or small scale • Variety of methods • Together build our knowledge of user behavior

10. Researchers use many ways to get information • E-journals influence some behaviors • Differences due to workfield, workplace, and others

11. Discussions Reviews Articles Communication Means Oral Communication Written Reports Secondary Publications

12. Specimens Lab/Field notebook Publications Sounds Scientists Working Data Sets Photos Direct Observations Conversations Meetings

13. Specimens Lab/Field notebook Sounds Scientists Working Data Sets Photos Direct Observations Conversations Publications • Proceedings • Preprints • Journal Articles • Books Meetings

14. Specimens Lab/Field notebook Publications Sounds Scientists Working Data Sets Photos Direct Observations Conversations Meetings

15. Average Annual Amount Reading

16. Average Annual Amount of time (Hours) spent reading (Hrs)

17. Average Annual Amount (Hours) of time spent for e-mails (Hrs.)

18. 41 100 187 160 117 Amount of Reading by Scientists Number of Annual Readings

19. “Electronic” articles include:

20. Sources of Reading

21. 2. E-journals and e-alternatives influence reading patterns in some ways

22. Active Journal CharacteristicsUlrichsweb, October 2003 Total number of active periodicals ~180,000 Number of active online periodicals ~35,000 Number of active online refereed or scholarly periodicals ~15,000

23. Journal Migration Source: Montgomery and King, “Comparing Library and User Related Costs of Print and Electronic Journal Collections” in D-Lib October 2002. Available at http://wwww.dlib.org/dlib/october02/montgomery/10montgomery.html

24. Use of the Collections (000) *No. of vendor-reported full-text views. C. Montgomery

25. Print & Electronic Serial Titles in Australian and New Zealand Academic Libraries Electronic Titles Print and Electronic Titles 43,301 4% 78,385 6% 253,627 17% 1,245,424 83% 1,123,738 90% Print Individual Electronic Serial Titles Electronic Titles Within a Single Publisher Collection Titles Within aggregations Source: CAUL Statistics http://www.caul.edu.au/stats/caul2002-pub.xls

26. Directory of Open Access Journals Total of 822 Journals at DOAJ, 2003, Lund University Libraries Source:http://www.doaj.org DOAJ-Directory of Open Access Journals

27. Studies Show Scientists Prefer Electronic: • Convenience • Ability to search across/within articles • Timeliness/currency • Links • Downloading/printing/saving/sending • Easy access to a wide variety of sources

28. Source of Articles Read By Electronic Journals Experience 13% 15.2% 35.8% 46% 41% 49% 15% Advanced 37% Early 48% Evolving

29. 12% 42% 46% Personal Subscriptions Separate Copies Library-Provided Source of Articles Read at Drexel Faculty Doctoral Students 11% 14% 76%

30. Print Document Delivery Electronic Library-Provided Articles at Drexel Faculty Doctoral Students 16% 14% 12% 16% 70% 77%

31. Sources of Readings % and amount of readings from separate copies use of personal subscriptions Scientists appear to be reading from more journals—at least one article per year from approximately 23 journals, up from 13 in the late 1970s and 18 in the mid-1990s.

32. How Scientists Learned About Articles Early Evolving Advanced 1990-1995 2000-2001 2001- Browsing 58% 46% 21% Online Search 9% 14% 39% Colleagues 16% 22% 21% Citations 6% 13% 16%

33. MeansofLearningAboutArticlesRead 29% 49% 22% 20.8% 16.9% 62.3% 21% 37% 39% Astronomers Universities Medical Faculty

34. 12% 9% 33% 15% 20% 56% 20% 35% Browsing Another Person Citation in Publication Online Searching Means of Discovery at Drexel Faculty Graduate Students C. Montgomery

35. Age of Reading from Digital Media 1 years 2-5 years 6-15 years >15 years

36. Perceived value of Resource Productive Astronomers

37. 3. Differences in reading patterns due to workfield, workplace, etc.

38. Scholarly Article Reading Updated June 2004

39. Electronic Electronic Print 26.8% 45.0% 55.0% Print 41.1% 58.9% 73.2% All Scientists Non-Scientists Electronic Print Print or ElectronicbyBroad Field: University of Pittsburgh

40. Print or Electronic 20 % 37 % 63 % 80 % 25 % Universities Astronomers 75 % Medical Faculty

41. MeansofLearningAboutArticlesRead 29% 49% 22% 20.8% 16.9% 62.3% 21% 37% 39% Astronomers Universities Medical Faculty

42. A few words about research methods…

43. What Conclusions Can You Draw? Usage logs  What groups do  Interviews/surveys/  Opinion, what individuals and journals groups say they do in general and why  Critical (last) incident  What individuals say they do specifically and why  Observational/  What individuals do in a Experimental controlled or natural setting and why  Citation Analysis  Whatauthorscite

44. Learning About Users and Usage Opinions, preferences (individual) Critical incident (readings), Experimental Usage logs Citations

45. “Convenience drives usage of e-journals…and it is a relative term among scholars.” Stanford e-Just

46. “What is convenient for one scholar is not necessarily convenient for others. With their own idiosyncratic approaches to both print journals and online information, and with their own configuration of professional strengths, histories, and needs, scholars patch together systems that work for them in their context.” Stanford e-Just