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American Government & Politics POL 105

American Government & Politics POL 105. Erik Rankin – Final Constitution Lecture. The Bill of Rights – 14th Amendment. Section 1 Clause 1 Response to Dred Scott case, citizen of the nation is independent of state citizenship Clause 2

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American Government & Politics POL 105

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  1. American Government & Politics POL 105 Erik Rankin – Final Constitution Lecture

  2. The Bill of Rights – 14th Amendment • Section 1 • Clause 1 • Response to Dred Scott case, citizen of the nation is independent of state citizenship • Clause 2 • Rights due to citizenship may not be denied by a state in any way. EX – to travel, to vote, engage in interstate commerce • Clause 3 • Applied 5th amendment Due Process to states and the protection of life, liberty, and property • Clause 4 • Equal protection, preventing the state from discriminating actions towards any group • Originally based on race and later included gender

  3. The Bill of Rights – 14th Amendment • Sections 2-4 are obsolete • Section 5 – gives constitutional authority to Congress to enforce through law provision in the 14th amendment • Ex: Civil Rights Acts of 1960 (public accomodations),1964 (Fair Housing),1991 (EEOC)

  4. The Bill of Rights – 15th Amendment • Section 1 • Right to vote cannot be denied because of race • Section 2 • Congress has the right to legislate on this • Ex: Voting Rights Act of 1965, strengthened in 1975, 1982

  5. The Bill of Rights – 16th Amendment • Ratified in 1913 • Congress can set and collect income taxes

  6. The Bill of Rights – 17th Amendment • Superseded Article I Section 3 • Senators are directly elected by the citizens of that state and not by state legislatures • Vacated seats may have them filled by the governor until the next election

  7. The Bill of Rights – 18th Amendment • Prohibition • Ratified in 1919 • Repealed by the 21st amendment

  8. The Bill of Rights – 19th Amendment • Right to vote shall not be denied to women • Ratified in 1920 • Congress can enforce this article through legislation

  9. The Bill of Rights – 20th Amendment • Terms of President and Vice President • Ratified in 1933 • Originally Pres & VP took office in March • This eliminated the lame duck period and installed the Pres & VP on Jan • Congress adjourns before the elections and does not reseat until the 3rd of January • Also sets up solution to 3 person lack of majority in electoral College • Vice President serves until the House decides the winner

  10. The Bill of Rights – 21st Amendment • Repealed the 18th amendment • Back to the Keg!!! • Only amendment ratified by conventions rather than state legislatures • They were used to specifically deal with just the alcoholic beverage issue

  11. The Bill of Rights – 22nd Amendment • Presidential Term Limits • Ratified in 1951 • Limits the presidency to two terms • VP who assumes office after a death of the Pres. may still hold two terms in addition to the years of elevation

  12. The Bill of Rights – 23rd Amendment • Presidential Vote for the District of Columbia • Ratified in 1961 • Residents of the District of Columbia may vote for a president and VP • They have as many electoral votes as the smallest state • Always have at least 3 electoral votes

  13. The Bill of Rights – 24th Amendment • Barring Poll Tax in federal elections • Ratified in 1964 • No taxes may be levied against a voter in a federal election • Left the window open for state poll taxes, but this has been struck down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court as well • Payments said to violate the 14th amendments equal protection clause

  14. The Bill of Rights – 25th Amendment • Presidential Disability and Succession • Ratified in 1967 • If a president considers himself unable to perform the duties of his office for any reason must notify the Speaker and the President Pro Tempore • The VP then becomes acting president until the president chooses to return • Don’t always have to hear from Pres., he may be incapacitated and the same procedure occurs • Pres. May appoint new VP with majority in both houses confirming • What if there is no VP? • Ever used?

  15. The Bill of Rights – 26thAmendment • Lowering the voting age to 18 • Congress had no way to set voting age limits until this amendment • Ratified in less than 3 months- quick! • 18 to vote in any election, but don’t try and buy beer!

  16. The Bill of Rights – 27th Amendment • Congressional Pay • Ratified in 1992 • Written by James Madison • 38 of 50 states voted in favor and it finally passed • Only a little over 200 years later, why the rush?

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