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Greek Gods

Greek Gods. Lecturer ： Wu Shiyu. 课程参考书籍 Hesiod’s Works and Days , Theogony Homeric Epics ： The Iliad , The Odyssey 三大悲剧作家 奥维德： 《 变形记 》 Greek mythology Apollodorus ，周作人翻译： 《 希腊神话 》. 有关神话（ Myth ）. “ Myth ”： means “ story ” “ speech ” 希腊神话有着不同的源头 希腊神话也有不同的版本. 希腊的地理. 多山 靠海 土地贫瘠

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Greek Gods

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  1. Greek Gods Lecturer：Wu Shiyu

  2. 课程参考书籍 Hesiod’s Works and Days, Theogony Homeric Epics：The Iliad, The Odyssey 三大悲剧作家 奥维德：《变形记》 Greek mythology Apollodorus，周作人翻译：《希腊神话》

  3. 有关神话（Myth） “Myth”：means “story” “speech” 希腊神话有着不同的源头 希腊神话也有不同的版本

  4. 希腊的地理 多山 靠海 土地贫瘠 多岛

  5. Greek picture of the world • Take the form of a circular disc • Level, except rising up mountains • Capped by immense roof or dome of the sky • Sun, stars • Boundary: stream of Ocean (a great river) • The residence of the gods: Mt Olympos • Interested in: its genesis

  6. 《神谱》的由来 “伟大宙斯的能言善辩的女儿们，从一颗粗壮的橄榄树上摘给我一根奇妙的树枝，并把一种神圣的声音吹进我的心扉，让我歌唱将来和过去的事情。” 赫西俄德：《神谱》 Hesiod: Theogony

  7. First Beginnings • Chaos: void, murky, empty • Gaia: broad-bosomed • Tartaros: gloomy, underworld • Eros: Sexual desire (birth) motor, drive mating Gods then came into existence through birth

  8. 天地的原初 古希腊：天地起于chaos 圣经：起初神创造天地。地是空虚混沌。渊面黑暗。 中国：天地混沌如鸡子，盘古生其中

  9. 大地盖亚 古希腊的盖亚是大地之神，也是众神之母，宙斯等诸神都来自她。 中国的女娲是众人之神。

  10. First Beginnings • Chaos: void, murky, empty • Gaia: broad-bosomed • Tartaros: gloomy, underworld • Eros: Sexual desire (birth) motor, drive mating Gods then came into existence through birth

  11. First Generation

  12. The First Generation

  13. The Twelve Titans 女提坦神 Mnemosyne（谟涅摩绪涅）：记忆女神 Tethys（忒修斯） Theia（忒亚） Phoebe（福柏）：月亮神 Rhea（瑞亚） Themis（忒弥斯）：公正之神 男提坦神： Oceanus（俄刻阿诺斯）：大海 Hyperion（许佩里翁）：太阳、光明 Coeus（科俄斯） Cronus（克诺洛斯）：主神 Crius（克利俄斯） Iapetus（伊阿佩忒斯）

  14. 三个巨眼神Cyclops（库克洛佩斯） 布戎忒斯 （brontes） 斯忒罗佩斯steropes 阿耳戈斯Arges "thunderer“ "lightning" "bright"

  15. 百臂神Hekatonkheires

  16. The Second Generation of Gods • Ouranos not allow born • pushes back; • Gaia, anger and pain, conspire, • Cronos, sickle, genitals from inside • Sea-foam gathered, Aphrodite • The Erinyes, Giants, Meliai • Ouranos, the dome of the sky. • Physical space and Time (Cronos) • Chronology (time), Chronic

  17. 生殖器里产生的神 厄里倪厄斯（Erinyes）：复仇三女神 阿勒克图(不安)(Alecto) 墨纪拉(妒嫉)(Megaera) 底西福涅（报仇）(Tisiphone) Walk in darkness, pitiless of heart 癸干忒斯Gigantes：巨人

  18. 生殖器里产生的神（2） 阿佛洛狄忒（Aphrodite）：生殖器在大海的浪花里，诞生了一位少女，被称为美神，罗马语为venus。

  19. The Second Generation: The Titans • Cronos Rheia: six children • Hestia, Demeter and Hera; • Hades, Poseidon and Zeus • Cronus swallows • Zeus saved • Grew up in Crete • Set free

  20. The Third Generation • Vomit up in reverse order • The stone (sign, wonder) • Released Cyclops • A war ensued • With the Titans (10 years) • Mt Othrys, Mt Olympos • Hundred-handers • The entire universe resounded • The order of the universe fixed forever.

  21. The Olympians • Zeus’ affairs to settle: divide the conquered universe provide himself with a consort

  22. The “Triple Division” • Hades: lord of Tartaros, king of the dead • Poseidon: ruler of the seas and waters (earthquake) • Zeus: ruler of the sky (most powerful) • Hera: goddess of marriage and married women • Hestia: goddess of the hearth • Demeter: goddess of grain and agriculture

  23. Zeus’s Mating (With different goddesses) • Metis (only time, fate): Athena • Themis: Horai, the Moirai (Fates) • Eurynome: Graces • Demeter: Persephone • Mnemosyne: the Muses • Leto: Artemis, Apollo • Hera: Hebe, Ares, Eileithuia

  24. Mortal women • Alcmene: Heracles • Leda: Helen • …

  25. 宙斯的第一任妻子：墨提斯 最聪明的神 十二提坦的女儿 雅典娜的母亲 据预言，墨提斯要生一位众神和人类之王，因此 被宙斯吞进腹中，从此宙斯 有了她的智慧。

  26. 宙斯的第二任妻子：忒弥斯(law, order) 蒙眼 天秤 利剑 白袍 蛇 狗 书 Nemesis Justitia

  27. 宙斯与忒弥斯的后代

  28. 命运三女神（Moirae） 克洛索(Klotho)纺线 拉赫西斯(Lachesis)分配给每个人长短 阿特洛泊斯(Atropos)剪线

  29. 宙斯最后的妻子：赫拉(Juno) 赫拉是宙斯的姐姐 嫉妒 妇女之神、丰产之神

  30. 赫拉与宙斯的后代

  31. Revenge of Hera • Leto • Semele • Io • Alcmene

  32. 宙斯与欧律诺墨(Eurynome)的女儿 美惠三女神（Charites graces） 光辉女神阿格莱亚(Aglaia) 激励女神塔利亚(Thalia)， 欢乐女神欧佛洛绪涅(Euphrosyne） Beautiful and charming Muses and Aphrodite

  33. 宙斯和谟涅摩绪涅的女儿 缪斯九女神 Calliope (Epic Poetry)史诗 Clio (History)历史 Erato (Love Poetry)爱情诗 Euterpe (Music)音乐 Melpomene (Tragedy)戏剧 Polyhymnia (Hymns)合唱 Terpsichore (Dance)舞蹈 Thalia (Comedy)戏剧 Urania (Astronomy)天文

  34. 奥林匹亚山的十二主神 Zeus (Jupiter) Hera (Juno) Poseidon (Neptune) Demeter（Ceres） Apollo Athena (Minerva) Artemis (Diana) Hestia(Vesta) Ares (Mars) Aphrodite (Venus) Hephaestus (Vulcan) Hermes (Mercury)

  35. 云上的日子 • That hour then • And on god’s hunger lacked a share of the handsome banquet • Or the gorgeous lyre Apollo struck or the Muses singing • Voice to voice in choirs, their vibrant music rising. • At last, when the sun’s fiery had set, • Each immortal went to rest in his own house, • The splendid high halls Hephaestus built for each • With all his craft and cunning, the famous crippled Smith. • And Olympian Zeus the lord of lightning went to his own bed • Where he had always lain when welcome sleep came on him. • There he climbed and there he slept and by his side • Lay Hera the Queen, the goddess of the golden throne.

  36. 太阳初起，时光三女神卷起笼罩在宫殿上的迷雾与乌云，开启神圣的大门，诸神陆续来到万神殿，参加每日的宴饮，人间献祭的牛羊香味，随风而上，飘入宫殿里，供诸神享用。青春女神赫柏给他们盛倒甘美的琼浆，阿波罗用他无以伦比的琴技，献上一曲曲动人的歌曲。神殿的中央，缪斯女神轻轻吟唱，歌颂那不朽的神灵，卡里忒斯翩翩起舞，宴会到日落才结束，时光三女神在众神离去后，乌云重新锁住天庭。夜幕来临，赫斯提亚点燃神殿中的每一盏蜡烛，诸神散去，日日如此，周而复始。太阳初起，时光三女神卷起笼罩在宫殿上的迷雾与乌云，开启神圣的大门，诸神陆续来到万神殿，参加每日的宴饮，人间献祭的牛羊香味，随风而上，飘入宫殿里，供诸神享用。青春女神赫柏给他们盛倒甘美的琼浆，阿波罗用他无以伦比的琴技，献上一曲曲动人的歌曲。神殿的中央，缪斯女神轻轻吟唱，歌颂那不朽的神灵，卡里忒斯翩翩起舞，宴会到日落才结束，时光三女神在众神离去后，乌云重新锁住天庭。夜幕来临，赫斯提亚点燃神殿中的每一盏蜡烛，诸神散去，日日如此，周而复始。

  37. 宙斯是这一切的中心，他高坐在神殿中央，俯视诸神，正义女神毗邻而坐，随时准备对诸神之间的纷争做出公正的裁决。彩虹女神伊利斯则随时待命，她是宙斯的信使，有风一般的速度，荷马说她就像冰雹和雪花一样，冲破云层，一泄千里，为了传递天庭的任务，她可以“上穷碧落下黄泉”，到宇宙的任何一个地方。宙斯是这一切的中心，他高坐在神殿中央，俯视诸神，正义女神毗邻而坐，随时准备对诸神之间的纷争做出公正的裁决。彩虹女神伊利斯则随时待命，她是宙斯的信使，有风一般的速度，荷马说她就像冰雹和雪花一样，冲破云层，一泄千里，为了传递天庭的任务，她可以“上穷碧落下黄泉”，到宇宙的任何一个地方。

  38. Features of the gods • Have actual bodies (larger and more beautiful); • eat ambrosia and drink nectar; • Move vast distance; disguise • Defining difference: dividing line, immortal; humans must die • The most powerful oath, by the River Styx

  39. Immortals and Mortals: The Story of Pandora

  40. Hesiod doesn’t tell us where the men came from; • Men and gods met at Mekone • The way men offer sacrifice to the gods • Prometheus tricked Zeus • Done the first time, done forever • Punish men by hiding fire • Prometheus stole fire away

  41. Prometheus punished • (permanent) • Zeus punished men by giving them woman. • Gods and goddess gave her something • irresistibly beautiful • Epimetheus, a jar, all the evils • Evils flies out, but hope remains.

  42. Pandora的魔盒 宙斯的惩罚并未停止 Zeus命令Hephaestus造个女人 一个宝盒，神命令不能打开 Epimetheus娶Pandora为妻 好奇杀死猫 魔盒打开，死亡、忧伤、疯狂等跑向人间 关上时，只有hope还在盒子里

  43. Punishment by Zeus Punish human for Prometheus’s mistake Denying fire Giving Woman (“beautiful evil”) irresistibly beautiful Pandora and Eve

  44. What a Trouble Women are They are worthless They are a burden. You can’t have any children. There is no way to escape the will of Zeus

  45. Discussion Think about what Hope is doing in the jar. Why is Hope in the jar? How to interpret Pandora’s box? Judeo-Christian tradition, three cardinal virtues: faith, hope, and charity.

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