US History EOC Review

1. US History EOC Review

2. Industrial Revolution, Immigration, Gilded Age & Progressivism Analyze the transformation of the American economy and the changing social and political conditions in response to the Industrial Revolution.

3. Between 1880 and 1900, most immigrants coming to the United States settled in the cities along the east coast because many factory jobs were available in the East little farmland remained to be settled in the Midwest most immigrants came from the cities of Europe city laws afforded special rights and protections for immigrants

4. Why did the United States follow a policy of open immigration during much of the 1800s? many United States citizens wanted to live abroad the United States had a shortage of labor prosperous conditions in Europe resulted in fewer immigrants coming to the United States immigrants provided United States industry with investment capital

5. In the late 1800s, supporters of laissez-faire capitalism claimed that government regulation of business would be essential to protect the rights of consumers necessary to provide jobs for the unemployed useful in competing with foreign nations harmful to economic growth

6. In the late 19th century, critics of big business claimed that monopolies most harmed the economy by limiting competition decreasing the urban growth rate preventing technological innovation failing to keep pace with European industries

7. Which factor contributed the most to urbanization in the late 1800s? assimilation industrialization imperialism nullification

8. In the late 19th century, Congress tried to limit the power of monopolies by creating the Federal Trade Commission strengthening the Supreme Court adopting the Granger laws passing the Sherman Antitrust Act

9. Business leaders John D. Rockefeller, JP Morgan, and Cornelius Vanderbilt were referred to as robber barons primarily because they bought titles of nobility from foreign governments were ruthless in dealing with competitors stole money from state and local governments gained all of their wealth by illegal means

10. A goal of the Progressive movement was to reduce the government’s involvement in social issues correct the problems caused by industrialization promote laissez-faire policies promote settlement of land west of the Mississippi River

11. During the late 1800s, what was the main reason labor unions had difficulty achieving gains for workers? Communists had taken control of the major unions the government supported business efforts to limit the powers of unions most unions had been organized by big business most workers were satisfied with working conditions

12. The Gentlemen’s Agreement, literacy tests, and the quota system were all attempts by Congress to restrict immigration property ownership voting rights access to public education

13. During the late 1800s, which group strongly supported an open immigration policy? conservationists nativists factory owners Southern farmers

14. During the Progressive Era, muckrakers published articles and novels primarily to advance their own political careers make Americans aware of problems in society help the federal government become more efficient provide entertainment for readers

15. In the late 1800s, the Homestead steel strike and the Pullman railcar strike were unsuccessful because the government supported business owners most workers refused to take part in the strike the Supreme Court ruled both strikes were illegal factory owners hired children to replace the strikers

16. Progressive Era authors such as Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair are best known for focusing attention on social condition fighting for the civil rights of African Americans promoting the interests of the American farmer supporting the goal of woman’s suffrage

17. In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social Darwinism were used primarily to encourage the passage of compulsory education laws explain the differences in income between the rich and the poor urge Congress to end immigration support the growth of new political parties

18. A major purpose of the Progressive movement (1900-1917) was to stimulate the economy support government control of factory production encourage immigration from southern and eastern Europe correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society

19. The Sherman Antitrust Act outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade was supported by millionaire industrialists was used by labor unions to fight for workers’ rights encouraged the establishment of large-scale business

20. The main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act was to decrease Chinese immigrants create segregated classrooms settle a disagreement between China and the US stop Chinese Americans from attending school in the US

21. The Sherman antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in an effort to promote the formation of new trusts maintain competition in business increase business investment limit the activities of foreign corporations

22. What is the main idea of this cartoon from the 1800s? labor is gaining power over big business most Americans support the labor movement business has advantages over labor government should support the expansion of the railroads

23. The American Federation of Labor responded to the situation shown in the cartoon by organizing skilled workers into unions encouraging open immigration forming worker-owned businesses creating a single union of workers and farmers

24. Which two speakers would most likely label late 19th century industrialists as robber barons? • A and B • A and D • B and C • C and D

25. The most valid conclusion that can be drawn from the different viewpoints of these speakers is that industrialists of the late 19th century benefited and harmed society treated their workers fairly used illegal means to gain wealth generally opposed the free enterprise economic system

26. During the Progressive Era, Jane Addams responded to urban conditions by working to establish settlement houses that provided assistance to the poor newspapers that helped to inform Americans about slum conditions laws that restricted certain immigrant groups free public schools located in inner-city neighborhoods

27. What made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the 1800s? cheap electric power fires safety standards the invention of the elevator new methods of making steel

28. The tragedy of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911 drew national attention to the need to restrict immigration from southern Europe establish full-time fire departments protect the safety of workers improve conditions for tenement dwellers

29. During the Progressive Era, many state and local governments adopted initiative, referendum, and recall procedures that eliminated the need for the electoral college created political action committees (PACs) gave voters a more direct voice in government Strengthened the role of the president’s cabinet

30. In the late 1800s, the creation of the Standard Oil Trust by John D. Rockefeller was intended to protect small, independent oil firms control prices and practices in the oil refining business increase competition among oil refining companies distribute donations to charitable causes

31. What did industrial consolidation & trusts reduce during the late 1800s? corruption monopolies competition interstate commerce

32. The “new immigrants” to the United States between 1890 and 1915 came primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe Northern and Western Europe East Asia Latin America

33. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the term robber baron best defined a person who controlled large tracts of western lands used ruthless business tactics stole from the rich to give to the poor encouraged the conservation of raw materials

34. Which reform idea was a common goal of the Populists and the Progressives? restoration of the nation’s cities expansion of opportunities for immigrants improvement in the status of African Americans greater control of government by the people

35. According to this passage, the responsibility of the wealthy is to invest in future industry to increase wealth share their excess wealth with the community maintain a lifestyle consistent with their wealth influence government to assist all people

36. Andrew Carnegie carried out the ideas expressed in this statement by funding numerous libraries and educational institutions serving many years in the federal government investing his fortune in several new industries promoting programs to benefit the wealthy

37. Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the “Gilded Age” to describe the end of the practice of slavery absence of international conflicts extremes of wealth and poverty achievements of the labor movement

38. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, where did most of the immigrants to the United States settle? urban centers of the Northeast plantations of the New South mining areas of the Far West farming regions of the Great Plains

39. Which concept is described by this passage? communism Populism utopian socialism Social Darwinism

40. What is the main idea of the cartoon? Government policies have created a recession Americans support the activities of trusts Good government has saved the country from trusts Trusts are a threat to the nation

41. Which group would most likely have favored government action to address the issue shown in the cartoon? bankers unions industrialists railroad owners

42. Which economic concept is best illustrated by the cartoon? supply and demand mercantilism monopoly trade