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Quality of Service

Quality of Service. Outline Realtime Applications Integrated Services Differentiated Services. Sampler. ,. Microphone. Buffer. ,. A D . D A. converter. Speaker. Realtime Applications. Require “deliver on time” assurances must come from inside the network

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Quality of Service

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  1. Quality of Service Outline Realtime Applications Integrated Services Differentiated Services CS 461

  2. Sampler , Microphone Buffer , A D D A converter Speaker Realtime Applications • Require “deliver on time” assurances • must come from inside the network • Example application (audio) • sample voice once every 125us • each sample has a playback time • packets experience variable delay in network • add constant factor to playback time: playback point CS 461

  3. Playback Buffer Packet arrival Packet generation Playback Sequence number Buffer Network delay T ime CS 461

  4. Example Distribution of Delays 90% 97% 98% 99% 3 2 Packets (%) 1 50 100 150 200 Delay (milliseconds) CS 461

  5. Taxonomy Applications Real time Elastic Asynchronous Interactive Interactive T olerant Intolerant bulk Adaptive Nonadaptive Rate-adaptive Nonadaptive Delay- Rate- adaptive adaptive CS 461

  6. Integrated Services • Service Classes • guaranteed • controlled-load • Mechanisms • signalling protocol • admission control • policing • packet scheduling CS 461

  7. Flowspec • Rspec: describes service requested from network • controlled-load: none • guaranteed: delay target • Tspec: describes flow’s traffic characteristics • average bandwidth + burstiness: token bucket filter • token rate r • bucket depth B • must have a token to send a byte • must have n tokens to send n bytes • start with no tokens • accumulate tokens at rate of r per second • can accumulate no more than B tokens CS 461

  8. Per-Router Mechanisms • Admission Control • decide if a new flow can be supported • answer depends on service class • not the same as policing • Packet Processing • classification: associate each packet with the appropriate reservation • scheduling: manage queues so each packet receives the requested service CS 461

  9. Reservation Protocol • Called signaling in ATM • Proposed Internet standard: RSVP • Consistent with robustness of today’s connectionless model • Uses soft state (refresh periodically) • Designed to support multicast • Receiver-oriented • Two messages: PATH and RESV • Source transmits PATH messages every 30 seconds • Destination responds with RESV message • Merge requirements in case of multicast • Can specify number of speakers CS 461

  10. RSVP Example CS 461

  11. RSVP versus ATM (Q.2931) • RSVP • receiver generates reservation • soft state (refresh/timeout) • separate from route establishment • QoS can change dynamically • receiver heterogeneity • ATM • sender generates connection request • hard state (explicit delete) • concurrent with route establishment • QoS is static for life of connection • uniform QoS to all receivers CS 461

  12. Differentiated Services • Problem with IntServ: scalability • Idea: segregate packets into a small number of classes • e.g., premium vs best-effort • Packets marked according to class at edge of network • Core routers implement some per-hop-behavior (PHB) • Example: Expedited Forwarding (EF) • rate-limit EF packets at the edges • PHB implemented with class-based priority queues or WFQ CS 461

  13. Assured Forwarding (AF) customers sign service agreements with ISPs edge routers mark packets as being “in” or “out” of profile core routers run RIO: RED with in/out DiffServ (cont) P(drop) 1.0 MaxP A vgLen Min Min Max Max out in out in CS 461

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