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Spanish & Portuguese Colonies. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Adapted & Manipulated by Mr. FX Scherrman. Spain & Portugal Dominate Early Settlement. European Explorations. Silver dominated the Spanish empire in the America’s Settlers and Missionaries followed the conquistadors
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Spanish & Portuguese Colonies By: Ms. Susan M. PojerAdapted & Manipulated by Mr. FX Scherrman
Silver dominated the Spanish empire in the America’s Settlers and Missionaries followed the conquistadors It was “their duty” to claim land for their king and the Church To control their new areas in the Americas, the king of Spain appointed viceroys, or representatives who ruled in his name, in each province. Council of Indies, back in Spain, monitored viceroys and all dealings of provinces in colonies. Ruling the Spanish Empire
1536 to 1572 1572 to 1734 $panish $ilver Coin$
R.C.C. played a key role in the colonies. They served as government officials Converted Native Americans & regulated Spanish Settlers Franciscan, Jesuit, and other missionaries baptized thousands, built churches, and enforced European culture over Native American Culture Catholic Church
Spain controlled all aspects! Could only import and export with Spain Sugar Cane became a new valuable resource: (sugar, molasses, rum) Had to be grown on a plantations, large estates run by an owner or owner’s overseer. Also needed a great deal of labor. Encomiendas, the right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a certain area, helped deal with the labor issue for early Spanish conquistadors. Key cause of population decline in N.A. The Economy
Priest in the new world Condemned the ecnomienda system and treatment of Native Americans. Spain banned enslavement of N.A. in 1542. Still, many N.A. were forced to become peons, workers forced to labor in order to pay off a debt. Many could never pay them off. Bartolomé de las Casas
As demand for sugar products skyrocketed, the settlers imported millions of Africans as slaves. Africans and their American-born descendants eventually outnumber European setters. De las Casas, initially recommend the import of African slaves, but later regretted his recommendation as the slave trade flourished. Bringing Workers from Africa
The Colonial Social Structure Creoles: American born descendants. Peninsulares Born in Spain Mulattos: African & European Mestizos: Native American & European Native Indians African Slaves
Settlers preferred to live in towns and cities Centers of intellectual, cultural, religious, & political life. Cities
Began as a religious need. Had to have educated priests. Women who wanted an education entered convents. University of Mexico was established in 1551 Education
Settlers learned styles of building, native foods, Indian style canoes, & artistic styles. Europeans introduced religion & the horse! Africans introduced new foods, farming methods, dance, song, & cooking styles. Cultural Blending
The Economy: No silver or gold. Exported brazilwood, used to make precious red dye. became a popular coloring agent for cotton, woolen cloth and red ink. Eventually turned to plantation farming and cattle raising. A New Culture: African, European, Native American patterns blended to form the Brazilian culture. Portuguese Colony in Brazil
Challenging Spanish Power • Other European countries quickly wanted to challenge Spanish power. • Smugglers traded illegally with Spanish colonies • French, Dutch, & English pirates raided Spanish ships • Privateers, pirates who operated with the approval of European governments to challenge Spanish power. • Queen Elizabeth knighted Sir Francis Drake for his privateer acts.
Why would the 'Columbian Exchange' be considered the tsunami of unintentional "bio-terrorism"?? Docs. 1- 4
Two of the most important products to come from America to the rest of the world. The Potato saves Europe! Good carbs., calories, & vitamin A & C. Easy to grow in a variety of climates. Had to fight a negative stereotype, but once it took off it helped boost the world’s population. Corn & Potatoes
Disease traveled from the Europeans to the Native Americans. Millions of Native Americans died from Smallpox, influenza, typhus, malaria, & diphtheria. The N.A. population in Central Mexico decreased from about 25 million in 1519 to about 1 million in 1605! The Negative Trade
New wealth and a growing global trade changed the way Europe did business. Capitalism, an economic system bases on private ownership and the investment of resources, such as money, for profit. trade=wealth=investment into more trade & other businesses=more wealth. Global Trade
Joint-Stock Company: investors buy shares of stock in a company. Less risk when many investors combine their wealth for a common purpose. If it fails a lot of investors are out a little money, instead of a few out a lot! If it succeeds; a lot of investors profit. Jamestown settlement was established by a joint-stock company. Global Trade
Mercantilism The power of a country depended mainly on its wealth! Get as much gold and silveras you can. Establish a favorable balance of trade. (Sell more goods than you buy!) Get colonies. (could get you a favorable balance of trade.)
Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores OfficialEuropeanColony! Missionaries PermanentSettlers
