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Beyond Earth

Beyond Earth. Beyond Earth. Beyond Earth. How old is our known universe? Faintest light 14 B.Y. Where does it end? The Fish in the fish bowl. . Beyond Earth. Milky Way Galaxy Spiral type Velocity = 300 km/s Solar System ~ Star and orbiting planets

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Beyond Earth

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  1. Beyond Earth

  2. Beyond Earth

  3. Beyond Earth • How old is our known universe? • Faintest light 14 B.Y. • Where does it end? • The Fish in the fish bowl.

  4. Beyond Earth • Milky Way Galaxy Spiral type • Velocity = 300 km/s • Solar System ~ Star and orbiting planets • Galactic Year ~ Sun’s Revolution Period = 2.25×10⁶ Y • Orbital Velocity = 250 Km/s = 155 mi/s

  5. Velocities! Milky Way = 300 km/s Solar System = 250 Km/s Orbital Velocity = 29.8 Km/s Rotational Velocity = 0.5 km/s

  6. Cosmic Collision • Milky Way vs. Andromeda 4 B.Y. from now

  7. Beyond Earth • Ptolemy ~ Geocentric Universe • Circular orbits • Copernicus ~ Heliocentric Universe • Circular orbits • Galileo ~ Heliocentric Universe • The “Dialogue”

  8. Beyond Earth • Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion • 1. Law of Elliptical Orbits • Eccentricity: deviation from circle e = 0 e = 0.40 e = 0.80

  9. Beyond Earth • Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion • 1. Law of Elliptical Orbits • Eccentricity: deviation from circle e = 0 e = 0.40 e = 0.80

  10. Eccentricity Lab • Eccentricity e = distance between foci Length of the major axis

  11. Beyond Earth • Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion • 2. Law of Equal Areas in Equal Times • Kepler’s 2nd Law Newton’s Law of Gravity Planet moves slower t₁ tₒ Aphelion Perihelion t₁ tₒ Planet moves faster

  12. Beyond Earth 12 years • Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion • 3. Law of Periods ~ P² = d³ • Kepler’s 3rd Law • Orbital Velocity • Astronomy Interactives 687 days 225 days 88 days

  13. Astronomical Unit • 1 A.U. = 150× 10⁶ Km Sun-Earth distance • Bode’s Rule • Ex. Jupiter P² = d³ P² = (5.2)³ P = 11.86 Y Bode’s Rule of Planetary Distances General Rule of Distance & Orbital Period ˂ ˂

  14. NASA Solar System Exploration • Solar System Introduction

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