Understanding HTML and Alternative Strategies for Web Development

1. TC 310 The Computer in Technical Communication Dr. Jennifer Turns Week 5, Day 2 (10/30)

2. Why HTML? • Understanding • Knowing about HTML removes some of the “magic” behind the web, and also the magic behind what tools like Dreamweaver provide. • Alternative Strategies • Alternative ways to create pages, even when using a tool like Dreamweaver • Can use HTML in tools such as Catalyst • Debugging • Understanding HTML is very important for debugging common problems associated with creating web pages and web sites.

3. Big Picture – Web Development • Design • Information architecture (site map) • Navigation design • Graphic design • Content design • Implementation • Coding HTML directly • Dreamweaver • Publishing: • FTP • Publishing from within a website development environment

4. By the end of class, students should be able to: Publish their HTML creations Debug common HTML problems Go beyond HTML basics What we’ll do*… Closing the loop: Discuss website “publishing”, students publish Gaining power: Discuss file referencing, practice debugging Expanding horizons: More HTML, Photoshop for HTML stuff. Looking ahead: Discuss hints: Day 10 *For individuals who are already experienced in these areas, various options are available.

5. You’ll Need • The page you created Tuesday • usability.html* • The graphics associated with the page • 06-book.jpg • 06-useit.bmp * If you did not finish creating the page, you can download a version by (a) going to the software resources section of the course website, (b) finding the link “Introduction to Usability (Webpage for Tutorial 1”, (c) following the “Final” link to the sample version of the page, and then (d) saving the page to the desktop using the save as option “Web page, HTML Only.”

6. Part 1: Closing the LoopPUBLISHING

7. Publishing - • Find a host for your website • In other words, find a machine that is connected to the internet on which you can place your HTML files. • At UW – • You can publish pages on UW machines • To get website, you “activate web publishing” • Publish website files • Transfer them to the host computer • Done via FTP or within web publishing software (e.g., within Dreamweaver)

8. Activate UW Web Publishing • If you already have a “web space”, hold on… • Otherwise, activate web publishing – follow instructions at • http://www.washington.edu/computing/web/publishing/students.html • What does this step do?

9. Publishing • What needs to be “published”? Which files need to be uploaded to your UW webspace?

10. Publishing – Via FTP • Publish the “usability.html” to “students.Washington.edu” using FTP • Open FTP Program: Start/Programs/Uwick Applications/SSH Secure FTP/Secure FTP • Log on to “server” • Click “Quick Connect” • Type “dante.u.washington.edu” in “Host Name” • Type your UW account in “User Name” • Press return • Enter your password • Press return • Upload HTML files to “public_html” folder • Double click on public_html folder • Select “Operation/Upload” from menus • Navigate to your local HTML file and select file/files to upload • Click on Upload button • Repeat as necessary for all required files

11. View your Live Webpage • View the published page • Open a browser • Enter URL: http://students.washington.edu/yourID/pageName.htmlORhttp://staff.washington.edu/yourID/pageName.html

12. Part 2: Gaining PowerConcepts and Strategies for Debugging

13. Concept 1: File referencing • Two approaches to file references • Absolute: You provide the entire path to the file<A href="http://www.useit.com/">Nielson's Site</A> • Relative: You provide part of the path, the server resolves the rest<a href="00-syllabus.doc">syllabus</a><a href=“./00-syllabus.doc">syllabus</a><a href=“./myfiles/00-syllabus.doc">syllabus</a> • Questions: • How does the server resolve relative references? • Why such a big problem???

14. Concept 2: A < > a • File references in HTML are case sensitive • Usability.htm <> usability.htm <> Usability.HTM … • Implication: • If a link/URL is not working, check that you have the right combination of upper and lowercase letters!

15. Common Debugging Opportunities • Broken images (images that do not show up) • Why might images not show up? • How can you debug “broken” images • Inactive links • Why might images not show up? • How can you debug “broken” images • Invisible updates • Why might the Internet version not reflect changes you made? • How can you debug such situations?

16. Debugging Practice • Check out the “broken” version of the “Introduction to Usability” page • (available from the software resources page). • WHY? • Why is the background not showing up? • Why is the embedded graphic not showing up? • Why is universal usability article link broken?

17. Another Example… • Situation: Say you wrote a link page, called links.html on your hard drive, saved as c:\homepage\links.html (on a Windows PC, or similarly on other operating systems). In creating your HTML, you link to this page with the <a href=“c:\homepage\links.html”>Links</a>. You test the page on your machine, and the link works fine. Then you upload it to the web, and get one of your friends to try. When they click the link, they will get an error saying "File Not Found"! Why?

18. Another Example… • Situation: Say you wrote a link page, called links.html on your hard drive, saved as c:\homepage\links.html (on a Windows PC, or similarly on other operating systems). In creating your HTML, you link to this page with the <a href=“c:\homepage\links.html”>Links</a>. You test the page on your machine, and the link works fine. Then you upload it to the web, and get one of your friends to try. When they click the link, they will get an error saying "File Not Found"! Why? • Implication: • When you're starting out, don't include directory information in your filenames. Rather, save both HTML and graphics in the same directory. If you are trying to link or load a file (discussed later) called taco.jpg, just use taco.jpg, not c:\homepage\taco.jpg or the like. • Your finished HTML file should never mention your hard drive's letter (or name).

19. Part 3: Expanding HorizonsOther Useful Resources and Ideas

20. More about HTML - Guides • From the source – An NCSA guidehttp://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimerP1.html • Explanations and lots of examples!http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp • Yet another HTML tutorialhttp://www.cwru.edu/help/introHTML/toc.html

21. More about HTML - Attributes • Focusing on attributes • Most HTML commands have attributes for additional control • Example: <table border=“1”>…. </table> • A comprehensive index of attributes (and the associated HTML)http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/index/attributes.html • Exploring… • Which HTML tags use the ALIGN attribute? • Which HTML tags use the WIDTH attribute? • How would you set the background color of a TABLE? • What are attributes associated with the HTML “TABLE” tag? • … • What area examples of HTML tags that you do not recognize?

22. Photoshop and Web Design • How can you use Photoshop to support your web design work? • A Task: • Use Photoshop to create a graphic for the usability.html page • Modify the page to include your graphic • Observe results

23. Part 4: Looking Ahead - HINTS • File references in HTML are case sensitive • If a link/URL is not working, check that you have the right combination of upper and lowercase letters! • Test (publish) early and often • Be successful early • Extend your successes

24. Other Resources • http://www.washington.edu/computing/web/publishing/

25. Due Dates Assignment 5 Monday (11/4) By class Includes: Solution Annotations requested in E-portfolio Next Class Debrief Assignment 5 … Websites Dreamweaver! Looking Ahead