1 / 12

Chapter 86

Chapter 86. Antimycobacterial Agents: Drugs for Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Mycobacterium avium Complex Infections. Antimycobacterial Agents: Drugs for Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Mycobacterium avium Complex Infections. Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Person to person

bardia
Download Presentation

Chapter 86

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 86 Antimycobacterial Agents: Drugs for Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Mycobacterium avium Complex Infections

  2. Antimycobacterial Agents: Drugs for Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Mycobacterium avium Complex Infections • Tuberculosis • Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Person to person • Inhaled infected aerosol • Screening • Tuberculin skin test (PPD) • Diagnosis • Cytology • Chest x-ray

  3. Drug Resistance With Tuberculosis • Goal of treatment • Eliminate symptoms • Prevent relapse • Drug resistance • Contact—person with resistant TB • Repeated effectual courses of treatment

  4. Causes of Drug Resistance Principal cause underlying the emergence of resistance is inadequate drug therapy

  5. Treatment Regimens for Tuberculosis • Two phases • Induction phases • Eliminate active tubercle bacilli • Continuation phase • Eliminate intracellular “persisters”

  6. Induction phase 2 months Daily therapy Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol Continuation phase 4 months Daily or biweekly Isoniazid Rifampin Drug-Sensitive Regimen for Tuberculosis

  7. Define Resistance isoniazid and rifampin Treatment – Three drugs for 1 to 2 yrs Initial therapy Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide,Ethambutol, Streptomycin Multidrug-Resistant Regimen for Tuberculosis

  8. Isoniazid (Laniazid) (INH) • Primary agent • Bactericidal • Adverse effects • Peripheral neuropathy (pyridoxine vitamin B6) • Hepatotoxicity • Optic neuritis • Anemia

  9. Rifampin (Rifadin) • Broad spectrum antibiotic • Uses • Tuberculosis • Leprosy • Haemophilusinfluenzae • Legionella • Adverse effects • Hepatitis • Discoloration of body fluids

  10. Rifampin (Rifadin) (cont.) • Drug interaction – Oral contraceptives – Warfarin – Drugs for HIV infection

  11. Ethambutol (Myambutol) • Bacteriostatic • Uses: tuberculosis • Adverse effects • Optic neuritis • Allergy • Hyperuricemia

  12. Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection • Mycobacterium avium complex • M. avium • M. intracellulare • Prophylaxis • Azithromycin • Clarithromycin • Acute infection • Same as prophylaxis plus ethambutol

More Related