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Hinduism

Hinduism. Hinduism. No Historical Founder Started in India Based in the Vedas Initial focus on sacrifices Later on devotion to a god A lot of diversity Wide variety of beliefs and practices. Eastern vs. Western. No specific beginning

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Hinduism

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  1. Hinduism

  2. Hinduism • No Historical Founder • Started in India • Based in the Vedas • Initial focus on sacrifices • Later on devotion to a god • A lot of diversity • Wide variety of beliefs and practices

  3. Eastern vs. Western • No specific beginning • No single deity (god) that is responsible for creation • Sacred Texts • No identified author • No identified origin

  4. The Vedas • Wide variety of literature • Instructions for sacrifice • Offered by priests to various gods. • Understood to result in children, wealth or the attainment of heaven • Creation stories • Philosophical teachings • No authors • Said to exist eternally • Said to be source of creation

  5. Other Sacred Texts • Ramayana • Focuses on Vishnu • Mahabharata • Focuses on Krishna • Bhagavad Gita • Dharma • Modern focus on these texts rather than the vedas.

  6. Hindu Gods • Described in various creation stories • Most Hindus are henotheistic • Worship one god, but don’t deny existence of others • Deities appear in different forms with similar characteristics • Primary deities often selected based on family belief or region of India • Primary deities include: • Shiva • Vishnu • Devi

  7. Hindu Gods • Often other deities worshipped • Examples include • Hanuman • Ganesha • Some offerings at set times • Completed by professional priests • Puja • Prayer • Chanting • Offerings • Fruit, Rice, Clothing

  8. Other Beliefs • Reincarnation • Moksha • Karma • Atman • Samsara • Dharma

  9. Holi

  10. Diwali

  11. Sacred Places • India • Locations such as Mountains and Rivers associated with gods. • Temples • Located throughout the world

  12. Current State of Affairs • Castes • Social ladder • Born into a caste • Affects many aspects of life • Rural vs Urban areas

  13. Confucianism

  14. Confucius • Born in 551 B.C. • died in 479 B.C.

  15. Confucianism • Concerned primarily with restoring social stability and order • What is the basis of a stable, unified, and enduring social order? • a system of social and ethical philosophy • “only when character is cultivated are our families regulated; only when families are regulated are states well governed.”

  16. Confucianism • li • rituals, norms, institutions, or mores • the outer, conforming aspect of Confucianism • ren • humaneness, love, kindness, benevolence, or virtue • the inner, reforming aspect of Confucianism

  17. Li • Rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, and good manner • performed in good faith, with everyone keeping to his or her proper role • universal harmony • no need for physical sanctions, laws, or punishment

  18. Ren • Relationship between "two persons” • extension of filial piety to all human beings • each role in the hierarchy of social relations had clearly defined duties • reciprocity or mutual responsibility

  19. Five relationships • father-child • ruler-subject • husband-wife • elder brother-younger brother • friend-friend

  20. Confucianism • Persecuted in Qin Dynasty • 221 B.C. - 206 B.C. • promoted by later rulers

  21. Confucianism • reinforced by the civil examination system • “keju”: civil examination • from 605 to 1905

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