1 / 16

RUBELLA

RUBELLA. Dr.T.V.Rao MD. What is Rubella. Rubella (German measles) is a disease caused by the rubella virus. Rubella is usually a mild illness. Most people who have had rubella or the vaccine are protected against the virus for the rest of their lives. Rubella ( German Measles ).

bargor
Download Presentation

RUBELLA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. RUBELLA Dr.T.V.Rao MD

  2. What is Rubella • Rubella (German measles) is a disease caused by the rubella virus. Rubella is usually a mild illness. Most people who have had rubella or the vaccine are protected against the virus for the rest of their lives.

  3. Rubella( German Measles ) • Rubella is also called as 3 day Measles or German Measles. • Family – Togaviridae • Genus - Rubivirus • In general belong to Togavirus group

  4. Rubella Virus • Rubella virus are ss – RNA virus Diameter 50 – 70 nm Enveloped Spherical Virus multiply in the cytoplasam of infected cell.

  5. Epidemiology • Rubella is world wide in distribution • Occurs round the year • Infection is transmitted by respiratory route • The use of Rubella vaccine has now eliminated both epidemic and endemic Rubella in USA and several developed countries

  6. How Adults acquire Infection • Rubella is transmitted via airborne droplet emission from the upper respiratory tract of active cases. The virus may also be present in the urine, feces and on the skin. There is no carrier state: the reservoir exists entirely in active human cases. The disease has an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks.

  7. Systemic events of Rubella Infection

  8. Rubella • Adult infection occurs through mucosa of the upper respiratory tract spread to cervical lymphnodes • Viremiadevlops after 7 – 9 day • Lasts for 13 – 15 days • Leads to development of antibodies • In 20 – 50 % cases of primary infections are subclinical

  9. Clinical findings • Malaise • Low grade fever • Morbilliform rash • Rash starts on Face Extremities • Rarely lasts more than 5 days • No features of the rash give clues to definitive diagnosis of Rubella.

  10. Rubella Rashes • When epidemics occur with similar features it is more suggestive of Rubella epidemics • Other Enterovirus infections can produce similar manifestations.

  11. Immunity - Rubella • Antibodies appear in serum as rash fades and antibody titers raise • Rapid raise in 1 – 3 weeks • Antibodies persist for life

  12. Immunity - Protects • One attack of Rubella infection, protects for life • Immune mothers transfer antibodies to off springs who are in turn are protected for 4 – 6 months.

  13. Diagnosis of Rubella in Adults • Clinical Diagnosis is unreliable • Many viral infections mimic Rubella

  14. Treatment and Prevention • Rubella is a mild self limited illness. • No specific treatment or Antiviral treatment is indicated. • However Laboratory proved and clinically missed Rubella in the Ist 3-4 months of pregnancy is associated with fetal infections.

  15. Congenital Rubella Syndrome • Maternal viremia with Rubella infection during pregnancy may result in infection of placenta and fetus. • The growth rate of fetal cells are reduced. • Results in fewer number of cells after the birth. • Lead to deranged and hypo plastic organ development. • Results in structural damage and abnormalities

  16. MMR Vaccine • The MMR vaccine is a mixture of three live attenuated viruses, administered via injection for immunization against measles, mumps and rubella. It is generally administered to children around the age of one year, with a second dose before starting school (i.e. age 4/5). The second dose is not a booster; it is a dose to produce immunity in the small number of persons (2-5%) who fail to develop measles immunity after the first dose In the United States, the vaccine was licensed in 1963 and the second dose was introduced in the mid 1990s. It is widely used in all National, Universal Immunization programmes

More Related