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Question #10: What are the advantages, disadvantages, technical challenges and cost implications of using non-distance protection when compared to using distance protection on series compensated line protection applications?. Alexander Apostolov. Calgary, September 14, 2005. Introduction.
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Question #10: What are the advantages, disadvantages, technical challenges and cost implications of using non-distance protection when compared to using distance protection on series compensated line protection applications? Alexander Apostolov Calgary, September 14, 2005
Introduction • Performance and cost implications need to be considered • Distance protection without communications • Directional comparison with communications • Distance protection with communications
Permissive Directional Comparison F1 F2 Z1 Z2 Z2t Z2t Z3 Trip Trip Z3t Z3t OR OR DIR FWD DIR FWD Signal Receive Signal Receive AND AND Signal Send Signal Send TX TX RX RX Z1 Z2 Z3
Permissive Overreaching Hybrid F1 F2 Z1 Z1 Z2 Z2 Z2t Z2t Z3 Z3 Trip Trip Z3t Z3t OR OR Signal Receive Signal Receive AND AND Signal Send Signal Send DIR FWD TX TX DIR FWD RX RX