CSE212: Digital Electronics

1. CSE212: Digital Electronics An Introduction

2. Agenda • Another boring course? • Some employment positions • Summary of contents • What are we going to do in this semester?

3. Analog world Most natural quantities that we see are analog and vary continuously. Digital systems can process, store, and transmit data more efficiently but can only assign discrete values to each point [1]. Slide adapted from Digital Fundamentals, 10th editioin,Thomas L. Floyd,

4. Analog and digital systems Many systems use a mix of analog and digital electronics to take advantage of each technology. A typical CD player accepts digital data from the CD drive and converts it to an analog signal for amplification. [1] Slide adapted from Digital Fundamentals, 10th editioin,Thomas L. Floyd

5. Analog circuits Analog electronic circuits are those in which current or voltage may vary continuously with time to correspond to the information being represented. Analog circuitry is constructed from two fundamental building blocks: series and parallel circuits. The basic components of analog circuits are wires, resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors. [2]

6. Digital circuits In digital electronic circuits, electric signals take on discrete values, to represent logical and numeric values. These values represent the information that is being processed. In the vast majority of cases, binary encoding is used: one voltage (typically the more positive value) represents a binary '1' and another voltage (usually a value near the ground potential, 0 V) represents a binary '0'.

7. Functional blocks of Intel 8085 microprocessor

8. Logic gates (or simply gates) are the fundamental building blocks of digital circuitry. As their name implies, they function by “opening” or “closing” to admit or reject the flow of digital information. • Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) is a technology for constructing integrated circuits. (Frank Wanlass patented CMOS in 1963) Figure: AND gate Figure: CMOS inverter (NOT logic gate)

9. Some big names..

10. Example: Responsibility of an employee (Graduate Verification Engineer at ARM) • Introduction The Sophia-Antipolis CPU group designs and develops new ARM architectures and processor cores as well as new variants of existing cores. The group is characterized by highly intelligent and motivated engineers working at the forefront of technology within a company that is the world leader in embedded 32-bit microprocessors. Design Verification (DV) of CPU cores is a huge and exciting challenge. At ARM, Verification Engineers are an essential and integral part of the CPU Design team, and the verification effort often exceeds the design effort.ARM uses state of the art verification tools and techniques to maximize the quality of ARM IP. We have built up a team of highly motivated Verification Engineers with specialist skills in design simulation, prototyping and formal verification methodologies.ARM CPU Verification Engineers develop specialist skills and knowledge and apply both hardware and software skills to the verification task. They work as part of the CPU team to ensure that all areas of the microprocessor are understood and thoroughly verified. This requires an insight, both of the 'big picture' at the architectural level, and of the details at the implementation level.

11. Job RequirementsQualifications Preferably graduate from a University or Engineering School, in electronic engineering or computer science, although other science graduates would be considered if they have relevant experience.Experience 0-3 year microprocessor, ASIC systems or IP verification experience.Personal Skills • Enthusiasm and drive.• Prepared to be assigned to tasks across the full range of your skills and experience, as and when opportunities arise.• Ability to express ideas and communicate effectively• Ability to schedule own workload and plan tasks• Good inter-personal skills• Willingness to be flexible and accept new challenges • Must be fluent in French and EnglishDesirable Skills and Experience • Familiarity of RISC microprocessors and microprocessor systems • Verilog • Test plan creation• Knowledge on emulator, FPGA platforms

12. Another example.. At Dialog you will be successful if you are self-motivated, delivery focused and passionate about helping us become the go-to company for PMIC, Audio, Display and Wireless Connectivity technologies. You could be perfect for this role if you have: • Digital design experience in one of the following areas: wireless handheld, specifically audio and power management; consumer displays; automotive body electronics • Fluent in either Verilog or VHDL RTL coding and ASIC design methodology. • Proven ability to optimize and develop design architecture from chip inception through to compliant netlist • Competence in developing design constraints and Synthesis scripts (Synopsys DC)

13. Summary of contents Digital logic: Boolean algebra, De-Morgan’s Theorems, logic gates and their truth tables, canonical forms, combinational logic circuits, minimization techniques; Arithmetic and data handling logic circuits, decoders and encoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers; Sequential circuits:Flip-flops; Counters: asynchronous counters, synchronous counters and their applications; Synchronous and asynchronous logic design.

14. Projects and Presentation Preferabally with a poster!

15. References • Digital Fundamentals, 10th edition, Thomas L. Floyd. • John Hayes (1993). Introduction to Digital Logic Design. Addison Wesley.