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Australia. Commonwealth of Australia. Contents. Summary History Government Geography Environment Culture. The state flag and emblem. Flag and Coat of arms.
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Australia CommonwealthofAustralia
Contents • Summary • History • Government • Geography • Environment • Culture
The state flag and emblem Flag and Coatofarms
Australians all let us rejoiceFor we are young and freeWe've golden soil and wealth for toil,Our home is girt by sea:Our land abounds in nature's giftsOf beauty rich and rare,In history's page let every stageAdvance Australia fair,In joyful strains then let us singAdvance Australia fair.Beneath our radiant Southern Cross, We'll toil with hearts and hands,To make this Commonwealth of oursRenowned of all the lands,For those who've come across the seasWe've boundless plains to share,With courage let us all combineTo advance Australia fair.In joyful strains then let us sing,Advance Australia fair. Anthem AdvanceAustraliaFair
Capital city: Canberralargest city: Sydneyofficiallanguage: nonenationallanguage: english Government House, Canberra, also known as „Yarralumla“.
Area 2,969,907 sqmi (7,692,024 km2)
Australia’sStates(6)and Territories(2) New South Wales Victoria Queensland Western Australia South Australia Tasmania Northern TerritoryAustralian Capital Territory
Population • 2014 estimate - 23,405,803 • 2011 census - 21,507,717 • Density – 7.3/sq mi (2.8/km2)
history ››Portrait of Cpt.James Cook, the first European to map the eastern coastline of Australia in 1770.
history • During 17thcenturyDutchnamedtheisland„New Holland“, but they made no attemptat settlement. • In 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. • Tasmania was settled in 1803, became a separate colony until 1825. • South Australia was founded as a „free province“and was therefore never a penal colony.
government ›› Tony Abbott, Prime Minister of Australia.
Government • Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a federal division of powers. • It uses a parliamentary system of government with Queen Elizabeth II at its apex as the Queen of Australia. • The Queen resides in the United Kingdom, and she is represented by her viceroys in Australia.
Government • The federal government is separated into three branches: • The legislature: the bicameral Parliament, the Senate, and the House of Representatives • The executive: the Federal Executive Council, in practice the Governor-General as advised by the Prime Minister and Ministers of State • The judiciary:the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Governor-General on advice of the Council.
government • In the Senate, there are 76 senators. • The House of Representatives has 150 members.
geography ››Everlastings on Mount Hotham, located in Victoria.
geography • Australia is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timorseaswith the Coral Sea lying off the Queensland coast, and the Tasman Sea lying between Australia and New Zealand. • The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef.
Geography • At 2,228 metres (7,310 ft), Mount Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland.›› • Even taller are Mawson Peak (at 2,745 metres or 9,006 feet), on the remote Australian territory of Heard Island.
environment ››The koala and the eucalyptus form an iconic Australian pair
Environment • Australian forests are mostly made up of evergreen species, particularly eucalyptustrees in the less arid regions. • Australia is a host of marsupials, the kangaroo, koala, and wombat, and birds such as the emu and the kookaburra.
culture ››The Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne was the first building in Australia to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004.
culture • Since 1788, the basis of Australian culture has been strongly influenced by Anglo-Celtic Western culture. • Since the mid-20th century, American popular culture has strongly influenced Australia, particularly through television and cinema.
Culture Arts • Australian visual arts are thought to have begun with the cave paintings, rock engravings and body painting of its Indigenous peoples. • The country's landscape remains a source of inspiration for Australian modernist artists. • It has been depicted in acclaimed works by the likes of Sidney Nolan,Fred Williams, Sydney Long and Clifton Pugh.
Culture Cuisine • The food of Indigenous Australians was largely influenced by the area in which they lived. • The general term for native Australian flora and fauna used as a source of food is bush tucker. • Australian wine is produced in 60 distinct production areas totalling approximately 160,000 hectares, mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country. ››The Pavlova has been consumed in Australia since the 20th century.
culture Sport • Approximately 24% of Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organised sporting activities. • Australia has strong international teams in cricket, field hockey, netball, rugby league, and rugby union. • Australia is also powerful in track cycling, rowing, and swimming. • Swimming is the strongest of these sports; Australia is the second-most prolific medal winner in the sport in Olympic history.
Sources Australiatourism Wikipedia Wikimedia Česká republika Art Gallery of New South Wales
