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CELLS

CELLS. Main Parts of Cells. 1. Cell Membrane – think “water balloon” 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus 4. Cell Wall (not in animal cells) – think “shoe box”. 2 . Cytoplasm ( cytosol ) : fluid inside the cell Jellylike, mostly water Contains organelles

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CELLS

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  1. CELLS

  2. Main Parts of Cells 1. Cell Membrane – think “water balloon” 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus 4. Cell Wall (not in animal cells) – think “shoe box”

  3. 2. Cytoplasm (cytosol): fluid inside the cell Jellylike, mostly water Contains organelles Gives environment for enzyme reactions to take place Contains nutrients and building blocks for macromolecules

  4. 3. Nucleus: controls everything going on inside the cell Contains DNA – genetic info

  5. 4. Cell Wall: rigid outside of cell Made of cellulose (plant cells) Support for plant Makes plant cells have a square-ish shape Plants have a cell membrane also, inside the cell wall

  6. Check Your Understanding… • Name the 3 main parts of an animal cell • Name the 4 main parts of a plant cell • Why do plant cells need a cell wall? • Which cell part acts as the cell’s “brain”? • What is the main component of cytoplasm?

  7. ORGANELLES • Perform specific functions inside the cell • Just like your organs perform specific functions inside your body • ARE NOT MADE OF CELLS – they are inside cells

  8. ORGANELLES IN BOTH PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS • Ribosomes Make proteins for the cell Made of RNA– nucleic acid The only organelle not surrounded by a membrane Found on ER and in cytoplasm Tiny specks

  9. 2. Mitochondria Has 2 membranes • outer membrane is smooth • Inner membrane has folds called cristae • Has its own DNA

  10. Function: • Cellular respiration • Cell’s “powerhouse” • Release energy from food • Uses glucose and oxygen to make ATP • ATP is the energy molecule

  11. Which cells have the most mitochondria? • Cells which need a lot of energy • Muscle cells, brain cells

  12. 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Transportation system – moves things around from one part of the cell to another Rough ER: has ribosomes attached Smooth ER: no ribosomes

  13. 4. Golgi Apparatus (golgi body) • package and ship chemicals which are transported outside of that cell

  14. Check Your Understanding… • Which organelle is the cell’s “powerhouse”? • Which organelles are found in abundance in glands? • Which organelle transports materials through the cell? • Which organelle can be rough or smooth? • What makes this organelle rough or smooth? • Which body cells have the most mitochondria? Why?

  15. Still checking… • Which organelle performs cellular respiration? • Which organelle is the smallest? • Which organelle has a double membrane? • Which organelle burns glucose for energy? • Which organelle packages up chemicals which are transported out of the cell?

  16. ORGANELLES IN ANIMAL CELLS ONLY 1. Centrioles • involved in cell reproduction

  17. 2. Lysosomes • Membrane vesicles, contains digestive enzymes • Digest things, recycle worn out organelles • “suicide bag” – if it splits open, it will digest the entire cell

  18. ORGANELLES IN PLANT CELLS ONLY 1. Chloroplasts • Double membrane • Have own DNA • Green due to pigment chlorophyll • perform photosynthesis

  19. 2. Water vacuoles • Membrane vesicle, contains water • Very large, take up at least half of the cell • Water pressing on the cell wall maintains the plant cell’s rigidity • Prevents plant from wilting

  20. BASIC PLANT CELL

  21. Basic animal cell

  22. Check Your Understanding… • Name 2 organelles which are only found in animal cells • Name 2 organelles which are only found in plant cells • Which organelle is involved in animal cell reproduction? • Which organelle prevents plant cells from wilting?

  23. Still checking… • Which two plant cell parts, together, prevent plants from collapsing? • Why is the lysosome called the “suicide bag”?

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