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The Auditory Nervous System

The Auditory Nervous System. SPA 4302 Spring 2007. The Ascending Auditory Pathway. Primary Auditory Cortex. Medial Geniculate Body. Inferior Colliculus Lateral Lemniscus. Superior Olivary Complex Cochlear Nucleus. VIIIth Nerve. The Descending Auditory Pathways. Olivo-cochlear Neurons

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The Auditory Nervous System

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  1. The Auditory Nervous System SPA 4302 Spring 2007

  2. The Ascending Auditory Pathway Primary Auditory Cortex Medial Geniculate Body Inferior Colliculus Lateral Lemniscus Superior Olivary Complex Cochlear Nucleus VIIIth Nerve

  3. The Descending Auditory Pathways • Olivo-cochlear Neurons • Cortical Neurons • Innervation of Middle Ear Musculature

  4. Olivo-Cochlear Efferent Neurons

  5. Descending Pathways from Auditory Cortex

  6. Efferent Innervation of Tensor Tympani & Stapedius Muscles

  7. Development: VIIIth N. and Central Auditory Nervous System • VIIIth nerve initially: days 25 to 45 • Spiral Ganglion, Vestibular Ganglia identifiable by day 35 • Little else known about dev. of CANS

  8. Hearing Loss and the CANS • VIIIth N: some SNHL, some normal • Tinnitus! • Unilateral SNHL, Initially high frequency • Possibly poor Word Recognition • Facial Nerve Symptoms • Disorders of the Auditory Nerve • Vestibular Schwannoma • Neuritis • Multiple Sclerosis • Auditory Neuropathy: a new dx category • Normal OAEs, Abnormal ABR

  9. Disorders of the Cochlear Nuclei • Kernicterus: • Result of Rh incompatibility • Hyperbilirubinemia • Cerebrovascular Accident: A brainstem stroke • Congenital trauma, malformation • Pressure (trauma, increased CSF pressure) • Syphilis • Aging

  10. Disorders of the Higher Auditory Pathways • Brainstem Tumors: • Intra-axial: contralateral or bilateral deficits • Extra-axial: ipsilateral deficits • Higher level lesions • CVA/Stroke/Aneurysm • produce contralateral deficits

  11. Tests for Auditory Processing Disorder • PI-PB • Filtered Speech • Speech with Competition • SSI • Competing Sentence Tests • Dichotic Digits Test • Staggered Spondaic Word Test • Masking Level Difference Test

  12. Therapeutic Management • Classroom Modifications • Improve Signal To Noise Ratios • Pre-Teaching • Remediation Activities • Listening “Games” • Computer Based Auditory Training • Compensatory Strategies • Homework Buddy

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