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Assessment statements from: Online IB Biology Subject Guide

What connections can you make with other topics?. nerves, hormones, homeostasis. evolution. Stimulus & Response. Command terms : http:// i-biology.net / ibdpbio /command-terms/. Assessment statements from: Online IB Biology Subject Guide.

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Assessment statements from: Online IB Biology Subject Guide

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  1. What connections can you make with other topics? nerves, hormones, homeostasis evolution Stimulus & Response Command terms: http://i-biology.net/ibdpbio/command-terms/ Assessment statements from: Online IB Biology Subject Guide

  2. The pain withdrawal reflex is a rapid, unconscious response to danger or injury. It is mediated by the spine’s grey matter. The Pain Reflex A very basic overview from the BBC: Reflex animation from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_pre_2011/brain_mind/reflexactionsrev1.shtml

  3. The pain withdrawal reflex is a rapid, unconscious response to danger or injury. It is mediated by the spine’s grey matter. The Pain Reflex (nociceptors) Spine-mediated pain reflex arc, from: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Nervous_System

  4. The pain withdrawal reflex is a rapid, unconscious response to danger or injury. It is mediated by the spine’s grey matter. The Pain Reflex (nociceptors) Injury stimulates pain receptors (nociceptors), causing Ca2+ ions to rush in. This depolarises the sensory neuron and starts an action potential. http://www.vet.ed.ac.uk/animalpain/Pages/animation2.htm Spine-mediated pain reflex arc, from: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Nervous_System

  5. The pain withdrawal reflex is a rapid, unconscious response to danger or injury. It is mediated by the spine’s grey matter. The Pain Reflex (nociceptors) propagates the AP along the axon (review action and resting potentials!) Injury stimulates pain receptors (nociceptors), causing Ca2+ ions to rush in. This depolarises the sensory neuron and starts an action potential. http://www.vet.ed.ac.uk/animalpain/Pages/animation2.htm Spine-mediated pain reflex arc, from: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Nervous_System

  6. The pain withdrawal reflex is a rapid, unconscious response to danger or injury. It is mediated by the spine’s grey matter. The Pain Reflex http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp46/4601s.swf • Relay neurons (interneurons in the animation above) are in the grey matter of the spine. They receive the signal from the sensory neuron, through synaptic transmission (review it!) and coordinate the response to pain: • An excitatory neurotransmitter (e.g. ACh) is sent across the next synapse to the motor neuron for muscles to contract. • An inhibitory NT is used to send a signal to antagonistic (opposite) muscles to relax. Spine-mediated pain reflex arc, from: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Nervous_System

  7. The pain withdrawal reflex is a rapid, unconscious response to danger or injury. It is mediated by the spine’s grey matter. The Pain Reflex (nociceptors) • Finally, the motor neurons conduct the AP from the relay neuron to the effector (muscle). • Muscles that need to contract receive and excitatory signal. • Muscles that need to relax receive an inhibitory signal. • The response is rapid movement away from the source of pain. Spine-mediated pain reflex arc, from: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Nervous_System

  8. A Dorsal root ganglion (passage for neurons) B C D E F Ventral root ganglion (passage for neurons) G

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