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Population Geography of Africa

Explore the population distribution, growth rates, and fertility factors in Africa in comparison to other continents. Learn about cultural and proximate factors influencing fertility and discover programs and policies managing population growth.

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Population Geography of Africa

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  1. Population Geography of Africa

  2. Worldwide Population Distribution Eastern Hemisphere

  3. Population Distributionin Africa

  4. Population Data 1999 Africa Total 770 million • Sub-Saharan Africa 630 million • Compare: • Asia 3,600 million (3.6 billion) • Europe 730 million • S. America 510 million • N. America 300 million

  5. Most Populous Countries in Africa

  6. Growth Rate vs. Population Size • In spite of rapidly growing populations, the majority of African countries have national populations of less than 25 million people.

  7. Least Populous Countries in Africa

  8. Population Density • Numerical density: number of persons per total land area • Physiological density: number of persons per arable land area • Agricultural density: ratio of farm population to the arable land

  9. Population & Land in SSA

  10. Population Distribution in Europe 72% is Urban

  11. Africa: Regional Population(in Millions) and Urban Percentage

  12. World Population Rates • Although population rates are declining on a global scale as well as on the African Continent… • Africa has the highest average population growth rate among the various world regions.

  13. World Population Boom Average Annual Growth Rate -0.2% 0.7% 1% 2% 2.8% 2.3% 1% 1.4%

  14. Population Growth & Fertility • Population growth or decline is based on fertility rates in a country. • Fertility rates indicate the average number of babies born to each woman of childbearing age in a country, and are usually calculated as annual rates.

  15. Cultural Factors in Fertility • Lineage continuation and expansion • What are “patrilineal and matrilineal” • Children as “wealth” and assets • Agricultural work is labor (human) intensive • Male-dominant decision making • Polygyny • Child fosterage

  16. Direct or “Proximate” Factors in Fertility • Early marriage • Postpartum and peri-partum practices • Natural and pathological sterility • High infant mortality rates • High maternal mortality rates

  17. Programs and Policies to Manage Population Growth in Africa

  18. Family Planning Programs • Information and communication are being uesd to promote family planning and birth control. • This is an education poster in Kenya, East Africa, printed in the local language: • It says, “This mother needs Family Planning”

  19. Kenya: Nutrition & Health Care Clinics Aim to Decrease Infant Mortality Rate

  20. Maternal Deaths by World Region1990(although still high, Africa’s maternal death rates are lower than in Asia)Source: PRB

  21. Programs and Policies to Manage Population Growth • Governments in Africa recognize that improvement in the quality of life of their people is an effective means of managing population growth. • The following chart relates educational levels of females in several countries to fertility levels.

  22. Effect of Female Education on Fertility Rates

  23. Population Issues • Rapid growth rate • Rate more critical than absolute numbers • Fertility rate inversely related to quality of life/economic development. Why? • Cultural factors: ‘wealth’ of human capital • Economic factors: rural/agricultural labor requirements

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