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Cell Organelles

Learn about the different types of cells, their organelles, and their functions. Explore the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles, centrioles, cilia, and flagella.

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Cell Organelles microscopic “organ – like” structures that help the cell to function

  2. Two types of cells • Prokaryotic: cells without a nucleus; such as Bacteria

  3. Eukaryotic: cells with a nucleus; such as animal cells and plant cells

  4. Cell Membrane • found in all cells • The outer “skin” • Made of fats and proteins • is semi-permeable (has holes in it ) FUNCTIONS: Allows for passage of materials in and out of the cell Used for cell communication and identification

  5. Cell Wall • a tough outer coat • found in ONLY plant cells & some bacteria cells FUNCTIONS : Adds extra protection and support to plant cells

  6. Cytoplasm • Found in all cells • The watery medium inside the cell • Made of mostly water FUNCTIONS : Holds up / supports the organelles Stores energy

  7. Cytoskeleton • Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. • The cytoskeleton helps to support the cell and maintain its shape • It is made up of microtubules and microfilaments.

  8. Nucleus • found in all EUKARYOTIC cells (plants, animals, fungi and protists) • Largest organelle FUNCTIONS : Has DNA inside Is the “control” center of the cell Bacteria cells do not have one = PROKARYOTES

  9. Nucleolous • found inside the nucleus FUNCTIONS : Has RNA inside Gives instructions for the making of protein

  10. Nuclear Membrane • the porous “skin” around the nucleus FUNCTIONS : Allows things to enter and leave the nucleus

  11. Ribosomes • smallest cell organelle • found in ALL cells • small round “specks” FUNCTIONS : where proteins are manufactured

  12. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Membrane bound tubules and sacs that are covered with ribosomes. • Transports proteins to Golgi apparatus and other things around cytoplasm.

  13. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Does not have ribosomes attached. • Lipids are made here and attached to proteins. • Things leaving the smooth ER are transported in vesicles.

  14. Golgi Bodies (or Golgi Apparatus) • looks like a stack of pancakes (with syrup) FUNCTIONS : to make vesicles to ship molecules around cell. “packages” things for the cell

  15. Mitochondria • large “peanut” shaped organelle • has folded membranes inside • nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the cell FUNCTIONS : a factory where ENERGY is made

  16. Chloroplasts • found ONLY in plant and some protists cells • green football-shaped organelles FUNCTIONS : to make food for plant cells through the process of photosynthesis

  17. Lysosomes • nicknamed “suicide packets” • has digestive acids inside • has a double lined membrane FUNCTIONS : helps the cell to digest food ***can burst and kill itself ***

  18. Vacuoles • small storage units in all cells • large water vacuole in plant cells called “central vacuole” FUNCTIONS : Stores material for the cell including water and nutrients

  19. Centrioles • Only found in animal cells • “bundles of sticks” FUNCTIONS : helps the cell with reproduction

  20. Cilia and Flagella • Found in prokaryote and eukaryote cells. • Made of microtubules and help different cells move. • Cilia and flagella differ in their beating patterns

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