Gender based Livelihoods Approach in Andhra Pradesh Applicability for LEAP Project in Cambodia

1. Gender based Livelihoods Approach in Andhra PradeshApplicability for LEAP Project in Cambodia Sitaramachandra Machiraju Consultant, EASER and SASDA

2. Outline • Context of APRPRP • Project Investments • Key Impacts • Implications for Cambodia

3. Context of APRPRP • Poverty Status of Andhra Pradesh • Population – 76.2 m • Poverty Rate– 26.8 % • Infant Mortality Rate – 52 • Maternal Mortality Rate – 154 • Female Literacy Rate – 50.4 % • Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project • Time line: 2000 – 2011 • Total investment - US$ 430 m • Program participants – 10 .6m HH

4. Building investment climate at the Bottom of the Pyramid • Institution Building/Social Capital: Supporting, strengthening and federating self managed grassroots institutions of the poor • Financial Capital and Livelihood Credit Planning:Establishing access to savings, assets, credit, insurance and other market linkages for livelihood improvement. • Human Capital : Building Capacity and providing skill development to the develop functional Skills Example: community trainers, book writers, village botanists, grassroots quality controllers, etc. • Productive Infrastructure: Providing small scale productive infrastructure for value addition e.g.. produce aggregation, storage and warehousing, solar driers, etc.

5. Design Elements* Access 2 Markets • Social mobilization of poor women • Building institutional platforms for the poor • Developing pro-poor financial sector • Access to entitlements • Linking with markets & services • Gender empowerment Access 2 Finance Access 2 Entitlements Building Institutions of poor Building Skills and Capabilities Gender Strategies * Lego ® orientation

6. Intervention Philosophy Reducing Risks and Vulnerabilities Increasing Incomes Reducing Costs Increasing Employment

7. Key Interventions • Developing good quality institutions of the poor and making poor credit worthy clients • Priming private investment through community funds • Developing strategic alliances with Commercial Banks • Assetization and skilling of poor to make them market worthy • Value chain investments and partnerships with public, private and cooperative sectors for increasing rate of return from livelihoods • Developing last mile service delivery approaches for various public services and entitlements

8. MANDAL SAMAKHYA VILLAGE ORGN VILLAGE ORGN SHGs SHGs SHGs SHGs Institutional Platforms of the Poor • Sub-District Federations • Strengthen and Support VOs • Rating and Auditing of VOs/SHGs • Micro credit to VOs • Liaise with Banks & Markets • “COMMUNITY FRANCHISEES” Young professional staff • Village Organizations • Strengthening of SHGs • Arrange line of credit to the SHGs • Livelihood support services • Support community professionals • “BANKING AGENTS” Book Keepers & Para professionals w • Self Help Groups • Thrift and credit activities • Participatory monitoring • Micro Credit Plans w w w w w w w w District Federations form the apex of these institutions w w w w w w w w w

9. The Scale • 10.6 million poor women organized into 933,585 SHGs • S.H.G Federations organized in 36,361 villages • Sub-district Federations organized in 1099 mandals • District Federations organized in all 22 districts • Outcome • 100% of villages covered • 90% of rural poor households organized

10. Key Impacts US$ 1.5 billion • Own corpus (savings and interest) – US$ 1 billion • Cumulative bank loans – US$ 4.5 billion • Total Investment by the Poor – US$ 7 billion • Women Federations as banking agents – 9986 Source: Project MIS and NABARD Reports (2009) Building pro-poor financial sector US$ 20 million Loans accessed in FY 2000 Loans accessed in FY 2009

11. Key Impacts • Economic • 8 million poor women/spouses covered by micro insurance • 1.4 million acres of land bought under sustainable agriculture • 253,021 acres of area of land accessed by poor women • 200,000 Jobs created for girls and boys from poor HHs • Social • 2.4 million households benefit from food security • 680 maternal and infant malnutrition free villages • 14,157 girl children mainstreamed into formal education • 17,602 cases of women resolved by counseling centers

12. Key Impacts Assets accumulate by 188% Incomes rise by 115% Source: ICR, APDPIP, The World Bank (2007)

13. System level impacts @just US$ 40 per HH • Market Share of Poor Women • 15% of rural credit market • 40% of the livestock added into the State • 30% of the State’s milk production • 20% of milk procured by coops and private dairies • 43% of maize procured under MSP Operations • 10% of paddy procured for PDS Source: Project MIS and Industry Level Secondary Data Sources MSP = Minimum Support Price PDS = Public Distribution System

14. Context of LEAP • Poverty Status of Siem Reap • Population – 900,000 • Poverty Rate– 51.8% • WFP Vulnerability Map – 60% • Infant Mortality Rate – 78 • Maternal Mortality Rate – 472 • Women Headed HH – 43% • Female Literacy Rate – 48 %

15. Livelihoods Enhancement and Association of Poor (LEAP) • Project Development Objective is to improve incomes and increase employment of the poor in targeted communes in Siem Reap province • Key Principles • Targeting of poorest • Building on strengths – sectors, models and institutions • Focusing on key sectors where poor have comparative advantages • Combining both market induced and demand driven approaches to value chain development • Comprehensive package of support • Phased implementation – Pilot, Learn & Scale

16. LEAP Design • Building self managed institutions • Thrift based groups and their federations • Producer groups and their associations • Linkages with formal financial institutions • Making markets work for the poor • Creating assets • Productivity enhancement • Value chain partnerships • Employment linked skills development • Convergence, coordination and innovation

17. LEAP- vision • Total Investment ~ US$ 15 million • Projected Outreach • Covering 50 poorest communes • Reaching 20,000 clients and mobilizing them into 2000 SHGs • 50 commune level self-managed community institutions • Projected Financial Turnovers • Members Savings ~ US$ 2 million • Seed Grants ~ US$ 7 million • Loans from banks and MFIs ~ US$ 3 million • Impacts • Investments by the poor ~ US$ 15 million • Livelihood turnovers of the poor ~ US$ 15 million

18. Current Strengths – Models and Institutions in Siem Reap • Thrift based social mobilization programs pre-exist in Siem Reap • New generation bank (ACLEDA) and microfinance institutions like World Vision have roots in this movement

19. Current Strengths – Models and Institutions in Siem Reap • Social capital available in the form of SHG leaders (with 15+ years of experience), group facilitators, book writers, community extension workers, community livestock activists (PADEK, CEDAC, ADDA, ADRA) • Aggregate institutions of producers engaged in technology extension, inputs provision and market linkages (CEDAC, ADDA, ADRA) • Employment linked skill development programs (Paul Dubrule, Salabai, Shinta Mani)

20. What lessons APRPRP offers Transforming Social Capital to Economic Capital • Scaling up current livelihood initiatives • Saturation approach • Inclusion of the poorest • Leveraging Social Capital • Building aggregate institutions • Improving quality and effectiveness • Systematically building demand side – livelihoods planning • Working with supply side institutions like commercial banks • Alternate models for doing business with the poor • Managing convergence and innovation

21. OUTCOMES Sustainability of Institutions, Interventions and Impacts INPUTS LEAP – Growth Prognosis MMWFP* & Increased Incomes Federations for Scale Economies Asset Expansion & Replacement Production & Productivity Consumption Smoothing & Assetization Forming Women Groups Financial sector linkage Developing value chains Market linkages Access to services like technology, extension & inputs MMWFP = Making Markets Work For Poor

22. Thank You Visitwww.worldbank.org/rurallivelihoods

23. Higher Order Service Delivery: Insurance Services Insurance Claim Settlement Process Phone Call Centre located in District Federation Claim village Payment of Solatium/Relief US$ 125 Alert ATM Commercial Bank Area Committee Members • Area Committee completes documentation and sends e-Claim to Insurance Company via District Federation

24. Higher Order Service Delivery: Para Legal Services Counseling and Mediation Services Phone Call Centre located in District Federation Gender Victim Area Committee Alert Counseling and Mediation Services Police Station • Counseling Center completes documentation of reconciliation proceeding that is deemed legal and recognized by AP High Court under “Peoples’ Court’ system.