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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. Binary Acids and Bases. Binary Acid. Binary = 2 elements in compound Acid = Hydrogen usually present to be released as H + ion Recognize formula as H and a Nonmetal Examples: HF HCl HBr H 2 S . Binary Acid. Recognize by chemical name prefix and suffix

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature Binary Acids and Bases

  2. Binary Acid • Binary = 2 elements in compound • Acid = Hydrogen usually present to be released as H+ ion • Recognize formula as H and a Nonmetal • Examples: HF HCl HBr H2S

  3. Binary Acid • Recognize by chemical name prefix and suffix • “Hydro-nonmetal-ic” acid is general form • Examples: Hydrochloric acid for HCl Hydrotelluric acid for H2Te Can you name the nonmetal elements in the acids? chlorine and tellurium

  4. Your Turn to Try • Name these acids: HF ____________________________ HBr ____________________________ Hydrofluoric acid and Hydrobromic acid

  5. Binary Acid Writing the formula from the name… • First write symbol H 1+ for a Hydrogen ion • Next identify the nonmetal in the name • Find the nonmetal on the Periodic table to predict the negative charge • Write the symbol and charge of the nonmetal

  6. Binary Acid Writing the formula from the name…continued • Criss-cross the absolute value of the charges to be the opposite ion’s subscript • Check if subscripts will reduce until have the lowest whole-number ratio of ions with balanced charges

  7. Binary Acid Writing the formula from the name…continued For example: Hydroselenic acid H1+ Se2- Selenium’s symbol is Se H2Se1 Se is in group 16 2 to 1 does not reduce Se has a 2- charge Subscript 1 understood Correct formula is H2Se

  8. Your Turn to Try • Write the formula for each named acid: Hydroiodic acid ___________ Hydrosulfuric acid ___________ HI and H2S because I is -1 charge but S is -2 and needs 2 H to balance S’s charge

  9. Bases • Base = Hydroxide usually present to be releaed as OH-1 ion • Recognize formula as Metal and OH • Examples: NaOH Ca(OH)2 LiOH Fe(OH)3

  10. Bases • Recognize by chemical name with hydroxide • “Metal (maybe Roman numeral) hydroxide” is general form • Examples: Lithium hydroxide Copper II hydroxide

  11. Your Turn Again • Tell if the substance is an acid or base 1. KOH 2. HBr 3. Sr(OH)2 4. HCl

  12. Your Turn Again • Write the formulas: Cesium hydroxide ________________________ Strontium hydroxide ________________________ Iron II hydroxide _________________________ Hint: the Roman numeral = the D block metal’s charge, balance the total + and - charges

  13. Bases Find the unknown charge of a mystery metal… Cation ( ?+) + Anion ( - charge) = Zero Subscript subscript For example: Cr(OH)3 Chromium ? hydroxide (1)(Cr) + (3)(1-) = 0 Cr – 3 = 0 Chromium III hydroxide Cr = +3

  14. Your Turn Again • Name these formulas: Mg(OH)2 ________________________ KOH ____________________________ Ni(OH)3 _________________________ Hint: the number of OH ions reflects charge of D block metals which need Roman numerals

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