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Pricing. Chapter 13. Pricing. Price Barter Price equation. What is Value?. Value= Perceived benefits/price Value-pricing Do higher prices= Better products? Price= Total Revenue- Total Cost. Pricing Process. Identify Pricing Constraints Estimate Demand and Revenue
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Pricing Chapter 13
Pricing • Price • Barter • Price equation
What is Value? • Value= Perceived benefits/price • Value-pricing • Do higher prices= Better products? • Price= Total Revenue- Total Cost
Pricing Process • Identify Pricing Constraints • Estimate Demand and Revenue • Determine Cost, Volume, and Profit Relationships • Select an Approximate Price Level • Set List or Quote Price • Make Special Adjustments to List or Quoted Price
Step 1: Pricing Constraints • Pricing Constraints • Demand • Newness • Single product v. Product Line • Production and Promotion Costs • Costs of Changing Prices • Type of Competitive Markets • Competitors’ Prices
Step 1: Pricing Objectives • Profit • Sales • Market Share • Unit Volume • Survival • Social Responsibility
Step 2: Estimate Demand and Revenue • Demand • Demand factors • Estimating Revenue • Total Revenue • Average Revenue • Marginal Revenue • Price Elasticity
Step 3: Determine Cost, Value, and Profit Relations • Costs • Total cost • Fixed cost • Variable Cost • Marginal Cost • Break-even Analysis