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The Respiratory System

Explore the intricate anatomy of alveoli and the pleurae in the respiratory system. Learn about alveolar features, pleural membranes, lung segments, blood supply, and innervation. Understand how oxygen exchange occurs within the lungs.

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The Respiratory System

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  1. PART 3 The Respiratory System

  2. Anatomy of Alveoli and the Respiratory Membrane Figure 21.10b

  3. Anatomy of Alveoli and the Respiratory Membrane Figure 21.10c, d

  4. The Respiratory Zone • Features of alveoli • Surrounded by elastic fibers • Interconnect by way of alveolar pores • Internal surfaces • A site for free movement of alveolar macrophages

  5. The Pleurae • A double-layered sac surrounding each lung • Parietal pleura • Visceral pleura • Pleural cavity • Potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae • Pleurae help divide the thoracic cavity • Central mediastinum • Two lateral pleural compartments

  6. Diagram of the Pleurae and Pleural Cavities Figure 21.11

  7. Location of Lungs in Thoracic Cavity Figure 21.12a, b

  8. Gross Anatomy of the Lungs • Major landmarks of the lungs • Apex, base, hilum, and root • Left lung • Superior and inferior lobes • Fissure – oblique • Right lung • Superior, middle, and inferior lobes • Fissures – oblique and horizontal

  9. Gross Anatomy of the Lungs • Anterior View of Thoracic Structures Figure 21.13a

  10. Bronchopulmonary Segments Figure 21.15 (1 of 2)

  11. Bronchopulmonary Segments Figure 21.15 (2 of 2)

  12. Blood Supply and Innervation of the Lungs • Pulmonary arteries • Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs • Pulmonary veins • Carry oxygenated blood to the heart • Innervation • Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory fibers • Parasympathetic – constrict airways • Sympathetic – dilate airways

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