The Roaring 20s

1. The Roaring 20s

2. A Period of Conflict • Strikes • 1 out of 5 workers went on strike • No war jobs primarily in steel industry • Strikes blamed on Bolshevism (Communism) • RED SCARE • Immigration brought fear Post - WWI • Race Riot • The “togetherness” of WWI is gone and integrated urban areas leads to conflict due to lack of jobs • 25 race riots in 1919 alone • Blacks joining communist party

3. URBAN VS. RURAL • Throughout the 1920s, Americans found themselves caught between urban and rural cultures • Urban life was considered a world of anonymous crowds, strangers, moneymakers, and pleasure seekers • Rural life was considered to be safe, with close personal ties, hard work and morals Cities were impersonal Farms were innocent

4. Fear of domestic radicalism after Russian Revolution (1917) Americans assumed the worst. A “communist conspiracy.” throughout the US The Red Scare

5. Advertising • Advocate of consumer culture and its use rose tremendously in the 1920s – mouth piece for consumer culture • Ads aimed many times at women as new technology aimed to give women more leisure time and less housework • Bruce Barton – tremendous agent of ads who began to talk to producers about how to “get” to “consumers” – changed America • A rise in the consumer culture instead of product culture: CONSUMERPRODUCT 1. Leisure Time 1. Hard Work 2. Spend $$$ 2. Save $$$ 3. Enjoy Yourself 3. Self-Discipline

8. Ku Klux Klan • 1920s sees a revival in Ku Klux Klan • Used fear of change (blacks in north and immigrants in the south) as way of reviving old methods of hatred • Tied to economic woes • Over 5 million members who seemed to need rituals, pageantry, and secrecy (similar to country during WWI) • Klan was not just anti-black,… (WASP) • Anti…immigrant, Catholic, Jewish • Tremendous fear of immigrants and sweeping attitude of returning to “good old days” • Harding calls it NORMALCY • KKK pushes for immigration restrictions (which do occur) and uses patriotism as their selling point • 1921/1924 immigration acts • KKK declines as leadership crumbles under charges of tax evasion and moral misdemeanors

9. Great increase In power Anti-black The Ku Klux Klan Anti-immigrant Anti-Semitic Anti-Catholic Anti-women’s suffrage Anti-bootleggers

10. Automobile • The car was at the center of change and progress in U.S. during the 1920s • Henry Ford – Assembly Lines • Went to Detroit at age 16 • Talked to Thomas Edison about engines • Did not invent the car but he was the key figure in mass production • 8,000 cars owned in 1900 • 500,000 cars owned in 1908 • 8,000,000 cars owned in 1920 • Changed our society and our thinking

11. Women in the 1920s • Flappers • “new breed of women” • Wore short skirts, bobbed hair, excessive makeup • Going against social norms of the day • More jobs available for women after WWI • Growing economy made room for women to join the workforce • 19th amendment • Women getting the right to vote • Equal Rights Amendment • men and women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction

12. “Flappers”

15. Popular Culture • Literature • The Great Gatsby – F. Scott Fitzgerald • All Quiet on the Western Front – Erich Maria Remarque • The Sun Also Rises – Ernest Hemingway • Music • Jazz became the most popular music • Country music was on the rise • Dancing • Dance clubs become popular • Foxtrot, waltz, American tango • The Charleston • Sports • Babe Ruth • Lou Gehrig • Jack Dempsey

16. Babe Ruth &Ty Cobb Celebrities Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis Jack Dempsey

17. Charles Lindbergh • The greatest hero of the 1920s • The first person to fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean alone • Flew from New York to Paris • Called “Lucky Lindy” because he had to fly for 33 ½ hours and didn’t carry a parachute, a radio, or a map

18. Prohibition • 18th Amendment • National ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol from 1920-1933 • 21st Amendment ratified and alcohol was once again legal • Government tried to enforce the new law • By 1925 close to 50,000 speakeasies in New York City • Limited the consumption of alcohol but increased criminal activity • Organized crime and bootlegging • Powerful mobs and gangs used the black market to sell alcohol • Corruption in law enforcement, racketeering • Al Capone • American gangster –The Chicago Outfit • Sent to prison on tax evasion – Alcatraz

19. The Jazz Scene • The Jazz Age • Emergent of Jazz music and dance • The Charleston • African Americans credited with the the new jazz scene • Became socially accepted for the middle class • Many young Americans used jazz as a way to rebel against mainstream • Bessie Smith • Progressive women in the Jazz age • Influence many other women and African American artists • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=8AD833C0-AC97-4A72-AB80-8D1BF8B41519&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US • The Birth of Jazz

20. The Harlem Renaissance • Cultural Movement throughout the 1920s • Explosion of African American pride and culture • Notable People • Louis Armstrong • Langston Hughes • W.E.B. DuBois • Duke Ellington • Bessie Smith • Ella Fitzgerald • Marcus Garvey

21. Stock Market Crash • Economy and lifestyle was boom throughout the 1920s • Technological innovations of the decade • Radio, automobile, aviation • Black Tuesday • October 1929 • The entire country was turned upside down • Lead the great depression • Brought the roaring 1920s to a stop

22. The Roaring 20s – Video • http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=8AD833C0-AC97-4A72-AB80-8D1BF8B41519&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US#