WHAT IS WETLAND?

1. WETLAND VALUES, FUNCTIONS AND RELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTBY FARASAT ALI ( BLUE JAY)

2. WHAT IS WETLAND? Area of marsh,fen,petland OR water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary ,with water that is static,flowing,fresh,brackish or salt, including area of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed meters six meters(6)

3. Area of marsh ( wet land)

4. BEST EXAMPLE OF PEAT LAND ( WET ALND)

5. WET LAND OF SHANGAIRLIA (WATER)

6. WET LAND IN STATIC FORM ( LAKE)

7. What are wetland functions? • Physical, chemical and biological interaction taking place naturally in the wetland, independent of human opinion • Examples; primary production, nutrient cycling heavy metals sequestration & cycling surface and sub-surface water storage, supporting plant& animal communities, carbon retention

8. What are wetland values? • Those wetland functions that benefit society are know as values. • Wetland values be viewed in economic terms

9. Functions & associated values Function; nutrients and carbon cycling ( release nutrients & carbon to the environment for further ). Value; maintenance of global food chain ( ensure survival of animals & plants on earth)

10. Function; heavy metals sequestration & cycling ( plants uptake,chelation) value; water cleansing reduce heavy metals in out flowing water.

11. Function; Supporting plants and animals communities (very productive systems, supporting many unique species) Value; economic/ recreation ( forage,fuel,medicinal plants fishing,turisum)

12. Function; sediments deposition (trapped by vegetation, physical deposition) Value; water quality improvement ( less sediments in out-flowing water)

13. Function; surface water storage ( physically slowed plant uptake,evaportion) Value; storm/flood buffer water suddenly ( prevents large volume flowing down stream suddendly,mitigates down stream flooding provides water for irrigation & drinking)

14. Function; carbons storage through live plant uptake & plant burial in sediment as peat) 550 GT of carbon in peat) Value;control of atmospheric Cox and mitigation of greenhouse effect on global

15. Function; nutrients retention ( chemical uptake by plats physical deposition of particles with adsorbed P,dentrificition) Value; water quality improvement (less pollution downstream)

16. Function; sub- surface water storage ( water permeating down the soil into the deeper section) value; replenishment of ground water ( recharge water table, prolongs stream flow drier months)

17. Others values • Outdoors education and enjoyment of nature. • Ritual sitesa, burial sites, sacred sites.

18. What is the biological value of our wetland? • Pakistan’s wetlands supporting a broad spectrum of forms op plant life & invertebrate & vertebrate animals. The latter include a range of threatened, endemic & endangered taxa such as five species of mammal, nine bird species, six species of reptile, and at least six

19. freshwater,esturine and marine fish type.severral of these animals are world famous such as the Indus dolphin, Punjab urial,marsh and green and olive ridlley turtils,many types of migratory birds including white-headed duck,deomiseele cranes, Eurasian cranes, greater flamingos and spot-billed pelicans use Pakistan wetland as wintering ground

20. Where do wetlands occur in pakistan? • In Pakistan 225 wetlands • In northern areas 119 lakes and peat land • Approximate 10% of total area • Lakes,canals,dams and reservoir • Irrigation systems manmade wetlands • Peat land and,rivers,stream,marshes estuaries mudflats and inter-tidal area’s • Natural wetlands in coastal area. arid ,semi arid and alpine area’s

21. ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE • Ecological importance diversity( variety of wildlife mammals avifauna and fish and flora species i.e. brich,juniper,willow, wild rose) • Habitat of rare and endangered species i.e. Marco polo sheep, snow leopard, musk deer, brown bear • Famous Indus fly way ( fly way# 4) of migratory birds i.e. pintail. Common teal, coot species

22. Worm seed ( leaves and stem used for stomach pain/fever) Panicle cedar (tea of berries used to relax muscles, also in beverages) Dandelion (decoction used for remedy of gastric disorder and liver problems.) Astragals (decoction of roots used to cure intermittent) Sting nettle (leaves used for skin diseases& as vegetable) Capper (flower used for cure of itch/seed oil used for cooking) Ephedra (leaves extract use for teeth pain and ash also used in snuff) Coriander( used for cooking Safflower (flower extract used as a medicine for typhoid Medical plants of wetland

23. Common threats Common threats to the wetland are: • Water pollution ( spreading of solid waste, plastic rubbers, use of chemicals fertilizer) • Soil erosion ( flood, land sliding,erution glaciers, rill/sheet erosion) • Deforestation (illicit cutting, cutting regeneration problems) • Over grazing (tradition free grazing system) • Ill managed tourist (lack of tourism policy) • Weak law enforcement ( lack of field staff) • Lack of awareness • Lack of research ( introduction of exotic sps) • Lack of coordination among stakeholders

24. RIVER OF GILGIT (FLOWING WATER WET ALND)

25. FAIRYMEADOWS WETLAND COMPLEX (DIAMER)

26. DIEOSAI WET LAND COMPLEX

27. Thank you All of youprepared by farasat Alitake care bye bye

28. SPECIAL THANKS TONOMAN RASHID REHAN SARWAR YAWAR ABBASSUAILLO BHAIGANZAL