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Chapter 2 The Solar System. Section 1 Observing the Solar System. Ch. 2, section 1 Observing the Solar System Objectives. Explain how the heliocentric and geocentric models of the solar system differ Describe Kepler’s discovery about the planet’s orbit
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Chapter 2 The Solar System Section 1 Observing the Solar System
Ch. 2, section 1 Observing the Solar System Objectives • Explain how the heliocentric and geocentric models of the solar system differ • Describe Kepler’s discovery about the planet’s orbit • Identify two factors that keep the planets in their orbits.
GeocentricA description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around Earth.
2. HeliocentricA description of the solar system in which all of the planets revolve around the sun.
4. InertiaThe tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.
1. In a _________________, Earth is at the center of the revolving planets. geocentric system
2. In a _________________, Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun. heliocentric system
3. Galileo’s two discoveries to support the heliocentric system were:- he saw __________ ___________ revolving around Jupiter.- he also saw that ____________ goes through phases similar to those of Earth’s moon.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6AHDhmJXKo four moons Venus
4. Kepler discovered that the orbit of each planet is an __________. ellipse
5. Newton concluded that two factors: _________ and __________ combine to keep the planets in orbit. inertia gravity
Chapter 2 The Solar System Section 2 The Sun
Ch. 2, section 2 The Sun Objectives • Explain how the sun gets its energy • Identify the layers of the sun’s atmosphere • Describe some features of the sun’s surface
Nuclear FusionThe process by which hydrogen atoms join together to form helium, releasing energy.
CoreThe central part of the sun, where nuclear fusion occurs.
6. Solar windA stream of electrically charged particles produced by the sun’s corona.
7. SunspotA dark area of gas on the sun that is cooler than surrounding gases.
8. ProminenceA loop of gas that protrudes from the sun’s surface, linking parts of sunspot regions.
9. Solar flareAn explosion of hydrogen gas from the sun’s surface that occurs when loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect.
3. The sun’s atmosphere has three layers: the ____________, the ____________, and the __________. photosphere chromosphere corona
4. During a _______________, you can see light from the corona. total solar eclipse
5. Features on or above the sun’s surface include ___________, _____________, and ____________. sunspots prominences solar flares
Chapter 2 The Solar System Section 3 The Inner Planets
Ch. 2, section 3. The Inner Planets Objectives: • Describe the main characteristics of the inner planets.
Terrestrial planetsThe name given to the four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
2. Retrograde rotationThe spinning motion of a planet from east to west, opposite to the direction of rotation of most planets and moons.
3. Greenhouse effectThe trapping of heat by a planet’s atmosphere.
1. The four inner planets are ___________, _________, __________, and ___________. Mercury Venus Earth Mars
2. The four inner planets are __________ and have _________ surfaces. small rocky
5. Venus rotates from __________ to _________, the opposite direction from most other planets and moons. east west
6. The atmosphere of Venus is so _________ that every day is a __________ one. thick cloudy
7. Astronomers have found that some water remains on Mars in the form of ___________ at its north pole. ice
Chapter 2 The Solar System Section 4 The Outer Planets
Ch. 2, section 4. The outer planets Objectives • Describe the main characteristics of the gas giant planets • Explain how Pluto differs from the outer planets
Gas GiantsThe name given to the four outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
1. The four outer planets are __________, _________, __________, and ___________. Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
2. Because the gas giants have so much mass, they exert a much stronger ____________ ___________ than the terrestrial planets. gravitational force
3. The four outer planets have deep _____________. atmospheres
4. None of the gas giants has a __________ _________. solid surface
5. An especially interesting feature in Jupiter’s atmosphere is its ________ _________ ________. Great Red Spot
6. Jupiter’s four moons are ______, _______, __________, and _________. Europa Io Ganymede Callisto
7. Saturn’s rings are made of chunks of _________ and __________, each traveling in its own orbit. ice rock
8. Strangely, Uranus’s axis is tilted at an angle of about ___________ from the vertical. 90 degrees
