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LG617 A brief introduction to XLE

LG617 A brief introduction to XLE. Kakia Chatsiou achats@essex.ac.uk Dept of Language and Linguistics University of Essex. Outline. About XLE A closer look at XLE Grammar architecture Getting started Inspecting a basic grammar .lfg file XLE interface XLE vs LFG notations

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LG617 A brief introduction to XLE

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  1. LG617 A brief introduction to XLE Kakia Chatsiou achats@essex.ac.uk Dept of Language and Linguistics University of Essex LG617 - XLE Lab

  2. Outline About XLE A closer look at XLE Grammar architecture Getting started Inspecting a basic grammar .lfg file XLE interface XLE vs LFG notations Hands-on Session  Where is XLE used? ParGram Project Powerset XLE Web interface LG617 - XLE Lab

  3. About XLE • XLE stands for Xerox LinguisticsEnvironment • Under current development at PARC (Palo Alto Research Center, USA) • A computational environment developed to facilitate the writing and debugging of Lexical Functional Grammars • C-structure, f-structure, s-structure, and further projections can be defined • Implemented in C; works in Unix, Linux, MacOS. • Integrates a morphological analyser employing Finite State Technology • Can be used for both parsingandgeneration • Includes tools for various grammar development activities (such as analysing performance, test-suites) LG617 - XLE Lab

  4. LFG Grammar (rules, templates) Other Finite State Tools Lexicon(s) (Hand-written Or Automatically Extracted) Grammar Resources (parsing and generating) Tokenizer Morpholo- gical Analyser FST A closer look at XLE :: Basic Grammar Architecture :: LG617 - XLE Lab

  5. A closer look at XLE :: Getting Started :: • runs on the unix4 server • can be accessed via a Secure Shell (SSH) (Start>Network Services>Secure Shell) • We will use the emacs editor to edit the XLE grammar files (offers syntax colouring and an LFG toolbar for .lfg files) In the SSH command line, type emacs • Open a grammar file (Ctrl-x Ctrl-f or File>Open file); they normally have an .lfg extension LG617 - XLE Lab

  6. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: LG617 - XLE Lab

  7. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Configura- tion Section LG617 - XLE Lab

  8. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Rules Section LG617 - XLE Lab

  9. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Lexicon Section LG617 - XLE Lab

  10. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Grammar Version ID LG617 - XLE Lab

  11. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Language ID LG617 - XLE Lab

  12. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Component ID LG617 - XLE Lab

  13. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: XLE version ID LG617 - XLE Lab

  14. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: 4 dashes signal the end of each section/ file LG617 - XLE Lab

  15. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: The default category when parsing LG617 - XLE Lab

  16. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: specification of which lexical entries, and rule are given precedence (here precedence is given to the grammar with version ID STARTER and language ID LANGUAGE) LG617 - XLE Lab

  17. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: list of the grammatical relations which must be subcategori- sed for in order to appear in the argument list of the PRED LG617 - XLE Lab

  18. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: list of attributes whose values must contain a PRED LG617 - XLE Lab

  19. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Phrasal category LG617 - XLE Lab

  20. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Schema / f-structure information LG617 - XLE Lab

  21. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file ::  LG617 - XLE Lab

  22. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file ::  LG617 - XLE Lab

  23. A closer look at XLE :: Inspecting a grammar file :: Morpho- logical marker LG617 - XLE Lab

  24. A closer look at XLE :: XLE interface :: % create-parser {demo-eng.lfg} % parse {Mary saw the boys with the telescope} parsing {Mary saw the boys with the telescope} 2 solutions, 0.01 CPU seconds, 23 subtrees unified LG617 - XLE Lab

  25. A closer look at XLE :: XLE interface :: % parse {Mary saw the boys with the telescope} parsing {Mary saw the boys with the telescope} 2 solutions, 0.01 CPU seconds, 23 subtrees unified LG617 - XLE Lab

  26. A closer look at XLE :: XLE interface :: Packed representa-tion of f-structures C-structure Representa-tion of logical choices (in cases of ambiguity) f-structure % parse {Mary saw the boys with the telescope} parsing {Mary saw the boys with the telescope} 2 solutions, 0.01 CPU seconds, 23 subtrees unified LG617 - XLE Lab

  27. A closer look at XLE :: XLE vs LFG Notations :: LFG notation XLE-equivalent Description ↑ ^ f-structure metavariable ↓ ! f-structure metavariable = = defining equality ≡ = meta-category definition =c =c or =C constraining equality ∈ $ set membership ¬ ~ negation (complementation) ← <- off-path constraint → -> off-path constraint ⊑ << subsumption (subsumes) ⊒ >> subsumption (is subsumed by) { a | b | c | ... | z } { a | b | c | ... | z } disjunction ( a ) { a } optional f-structure constraint LG617 - XLE Lab

  28. Hands-on Session  LG617 - XLE Lab

  29. Outline About XLE A closer look at XLE Grammar architecture Getting started Inspecting a basic grammar .lfg file XLE interface XLE vs LFG notations Hands-on Session  Where is XLE used? ParGram Project Powerset XLE Web interface LG617 - XLE Lab

  30. Where is XLE used? • ParGram Project • The core technology used in the consumer search engine based on natural language processing which is currently under development by Powerset • XLE web interface, a web-based tool for parsing LFG grammars using the XLE tool LG617 - XLE Lab

  31. Where is XLE used? :: ParGram Project :: Project Objectives • Broad coverage grammars • Inclusion of important and frequently occurring constructions • Linguistically motivated analyses • Parallel and crosslinguistic development of grammars between the participating members • All grammars are guided by a common set of linguistic principles and a commonly agreed upon set of grammatical analyses and features • Identical treatment of core crosslinguistic phenomena • Methods in grammar engineering • Common test methods and evaluation strategies • Balance between efficiency, performance, reliability and maintainability across grammars LG617 - XLE Lab

  32. Participating Members Where is XLE used? :: ParGram Project :: Essex Greek, Welsh Manchester Arabic Oxford Malagasy Bergen, Norway Georgian, Norwegian, Tigrinya DCU, Ireland Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, Spanish Fuji XEROX Japanese Ho Chi Minch Vietnamese PARC, CA Chinese, English, French Debrecen Hungarian IMS, Stuttgart German Konstanz Urdu Sabanci, Istanbul Turkish LG617 - XLE Lab

  33. Where is XLE used? :: Powerset Search Engine :: LG617 - XLE Lab

  34. Where is XLE used? :: Powerset Search Engine :: About Powerset a Microsoft-partner company, currently building a transformative consumer search engine based on natural language processing: • It is based on technologies that take advantage of the structure and nuances of natural language • It offers an innovative approach to searching: • It breaks the confines of keyword search  queries using both keywords, short phrases and natural language • Makes search more natural and intuitive • Aims at fundamentally changing how we search the web and at the same time delivering higher quality results • currently searching Wikipedia with the help of FreeBase as the semantic knowledge database • Its technology has recently made into the Microsoft Live Search Engine (source: http://www.powerset.com ) LG617 - XLE Lab

  35. Where is XLE used? :: The XLE Web Interface :: • a web-based tool for parsing LFG grammars using the XLE tool • outputs c-structures, f-structures and mrs-structures. • allows the user to choose a grammar and type in a sentence to be analyzed. The sentence is then processed by the XLE parser, and the resulting structures are displayed. • has a facility for uploading (small) user grammars, mainly for teaching purposes. LG617 - XLE Lab

  36. References / Sources • ParGram http://www2.parc.com/isl/groups/nltt/pargram/ • XLE Web Interface Documentation: http://maximos.aksis.uib.no/Aksis-wiki/XLE-Web • XLE Documentation http://www2.parc.com/isl/groups/nltt/xle/doc/xle_toc.html • Powerset http://www.powerset.com/ LG617 - XLE Lab

  37. Thank you! Next week (March 5th) • DependencyConstructions • Weak Crossover and Traceless UDCS: Dalrymple, Kaplan and King (Kakia) • Tough Contructions: Dalrymple and King (Budour) Papers still available: • Morphology-Syntax Interface: Lexical sharing • Turkish Suspended Affixation: Broadwell • Preposition Determiner Contractions: Wescoat • On Grammatical Functions • Polish Subjectless Constructions: Kibort • Nature of OBJ: Borjars and Vincent • Functional and Lexical Verbs • English Auxiliaries: Falk (http://courses.essex.ac.uk/lg/lg617/sessions08.html) LG617 - XLE Lab

  38. Thank you! For more information and updates on the progress of the project visit http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~achats/projects/greekgram/index.html LG617 - XLE Lab

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