Deviance

1. Deviance • Any activity which differs from a norm or from the accepted standards of society. • Three great examples of deviance in sports are violence, intimidation, and hazing. • All three of these are not suppose to happen in any situation.

2. Violence • The intentional exertion of physical force for the purpose of causing injury or abuse. • Fighting • Parental/fan involvement • James Camden, 43, of Murphysboro, charged onto the field and attempted to choke game official Mike Byrne, a 27-year officiating veteran. "We intend to prosecute the individual to the fullest extent of the law," said Frankfort High School Athletics Director Richard Glodich. (September 2003) • Intentionally throwing at an opponent • Ex. Brandon Spikes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta0garYRQ_0

3. Reasons for Violence in Sports • Athletes are drawn to sports because it provides an opportunity for aggressive tendencies to be released. • Football, hockey, soccer

4. Reasons for Violence in Sports • Sports promote violence through structure and discipline. • Individuals must conform to be a part of the team but can still stick out through violent behavior.

5. Reasons for Violence in Sports • Young athletes mimic what they see professional and college athletes do. • Athletes want to be like their favorite player so they do the same things that player does. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzhkPfZwk20 • The rules or the enforcers allow violence to occur. • An official does not take control of the game.

6. Reasons for Violence in Sports • Athletes do not follow the rules. • Brandon Spikes • Violence is sometimes taught because it provides an advantage over the other team. • Hitting defenseless players can cause the opponent to become timid.

7. Hazing • Definition: any activity expected of someone joining a group that humiliates, degrades, abuses, or endangers the person, regardless of the person’s willingness to participate in that activity.

8. Levels of Severity • Subtle • Participants endure ridicule, embarrassment and must complete humiliating tasks in order to feel like part of the group • Harassment • Participants endure frustration, confusion, stress, and physical discomfort in order to feel like part of the group • Violent • Participants endure physical, emotional, and/or psychological harm in order to feel like part of the group

9. Examples • Subtle • Haircuts, wearing backpacks, name calling • Harassment • Personal service to the vets, degrading acts • Violent • Forced consumption, assault, kidnapping, death

10. Who hazes and who gets hazed? • Coaches allow subtle and even forms of harassment hazing to take place. • Veteran players are usually the ones to do it • Rookie or new incoming players are the ones who are targeted the most often.

11. Other Hazing Information • Alfred University study found 80% of college athletes have experienced some form of hazing • Most hazing incidents go unreported • 44 out of 50 states have anti-hazing laws • Begs the question: “If such acts are illegal, why do people continue to do them?”

12. Reasons for Hazing • Organizations like to keep tradition alive • It is seen as a form of initiation to a team • Power

13. Is hazing morally acceptable? • All 3 types: Subtle, Harassment, Violent • In the NFL every year in training camp rookies are expected to carry in all of the shoulder pads of the veteran players after practice. • Is this form of hazing morally acceptable?

14. Is hazing morally acceptable? • Harassment/Violent hazing: In 1980 at the University of Michigan J.T. Todd, a freshman, reportedly was given large quantities of alcohol in a player's off-campus house in what had become an annual initiation ritual. He allegedly was stripped, shaved, covered with jam, eggs and cologne and left outside in near-freezing weather for 90 minutes. • Is this form of hazing morally acceptable?

15. Hazing Moral Standards • Rights Theory • Care Theory • Justice Theory

16. LorasCollege Hazing Policy • Students are subject to disciplinary actions for actions, activities or situations, planned or negligent, producing unnecessary and/or undue: mental and/or physical discomfort, embarrassment, harassment, ridicule, excessive fatigue, physical injury, interference with scholarship, danger to life, exposure to situations where physical or mental well-being may be endangered, or defacement, damage or destruction of property, including acts of hazing. Students are encouraged to seek advisory interpretations of actions which might constitute “hazing” if they feel that a situation may be considered a hazing incident, and report any such actions to College Officials.

17. 1978 Loras College Incident • Gamma Psi (drinking club unrecognized by the school) • Stephen J. McNamara died in a residence hall room following a drinking marathon with members • Reason why fraternities and sororities are not allowed