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Deviance

Deviance. Unit Goals. 1. D efine deviance 2. Give an example of both positive and negative deviance . 3. How do we develop internal social control? 4. Give an example of external social control?

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Deviance

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  1. Deviance

  2. Unit Goals 1. Define deviance 2. Give an example of both positive and negative deviance. 3. How do we develop internal social control? 4. Give an example of external social control? 5. Do you think internal social control or external social control is more powerful in controlling behavior? Explain your answer. 6. How can deviance be positive? Give an example. 7. Explain what you know about the mind of a serial killer. Why do they commit murder? How is deviance different for a serial killer than it is for other members of society? 8. How is prison supposed to stop deviance? Do you think the system is flawed? Give 3 reasons why or why not. 9. What is an alternative to prison that you think could be effective at reducing crime? Why do you think it would work?

  3. Deviance • violates social norms.   • Breaking law=obvious • other deviance varies from dif societies.  Ex: homosexuality, divorce....

  4. Negative Deviance • behavior that fails to meet accepted norms.  ppl either reject, misinterpret or are unaware of norms.

  5. Positive Deviance • overconformity to norms.  Imbalance and extremes of perfectionism.  Idealize norms.  Ex: Anorexia

  6. Social Control • ways to encourage conformity of a society.internal social control: w/in individual (I know what is right)external social control: based on social sanctions ex: ridicule, gossip, prison, grades.....

  7. Functionalism • there are pos and neg consequences of deviance on society • Pros: social stability  Deviance can be good for smooth operation of society. Parents go to court for mistreating kids, OTHER parents learn how society expects them to act. Neg effects of deviance-expensive, diverts resources if police have to deal with crime.  Hard to follow schedules if there are protests ex: bus strike

  8. Other benefits of deviance • temporary safety valve: ex: teens rebel to relieve pressure from authority figuresother good things: can increase unity within a group • promotes needed social change ex: civil rights movement

  9. Strain Theory • Strain Theory: deviance occurs when there is a gap b/w culturally desirable goals and a legit way to get them.  Ex: Hurricane victim getting food.

  10. How do people respond to Strain? • Merton’s strain theory: 4 ways (p211)1. Innovation(steal), • 2. ritualism(not much effort-do a job you hate half-ass) • 3. retreatism(drop out of race for success: homeless), • 4. rebellion: new way to achieve new goal: join a militia group...

  11. Control Theory • compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society.  Don’t want to “lose face” with fam and friends, classmates.

  12. Basic elements of social bonds • 1. Attachment to group or individual2. Commitment: to social goals3. involvement: participation in approved social activities4. Belief: in norms and values of society

  13. Symbolic Interactionism and deviance • 2 theories of deviance1. learned behavior that is culturally transmitted: ex: gangs or friends who are deviant can make you the same. • 2. labelling: an act is only defiant IF other people name it so. Ex: Men can sleep around but women are deviant if they do.

  14. Differential Association Theory • more exposure to people who break the law, more apt to be criminals • 3 characteristics that affect DA:1. More people in the group are deviant 2. whether the deviant behavior is practiced by sig others 3. the age of exposure to deviant behavior (the younger learn faster)

  15. Labeling Theory • society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant/  Some not fair: ex: teen pregnancy, girl is defiant but not guy

  16. Degrees of Deviance •  primary and secondaryprimary deviance not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept.  Ex: prankSecondary deviance: deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are organized around breaking society’s norms.  Organized crime: career

  17. Consequences of Labeling • cause pain and sufferingstigma: ex-con is not accepted by many as a member of society even after release.  Discredits entire worth of individual

  18. How do rich and powerful define deviance? • 1.critics of industrial society are deviants b/c they challenge economic, political, and social basis2. Because industrial society requires a willing workforce, those who will not work are considered deviants3. Those who threaten private property esp. belonging to rich are targets for punishment4. Society needs respect for authority so people show show lack of respect for authority are treated as deviants

  19. Race, ethnicity and crime • conflict perspective: minorities receive unequal treatment in American Criminal Justice Systemeven when offence is the same, African Americans and Latinos are more likely to be convicted and serve more time in prison than whites.  42% of people on death row are black although they only make up about 13% of total population

  20. Why are minorities and whites treated differently? • -many minorities don’t have economic resources to buy good legal service.  -society sees minority interests as less important than the interests of whites

  21. Victim discounting • If the victim is less valuable, the crime is less serious, and the punishment is less severe

  22. White collar crime • job related crime committed by people who are high status-usually treated more leniently despite the fact that they cost taxpayers 100s of billions of dollars/year

  23. What about serial killers! • The mind of a serial killer • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRWn8zMGxbA

  24. Crime Against the law.  Over 4000 acts of crime only in the FEDERAL system!  Even more in state levelCrime in U.S. 15%if households expsome type of crime.  problem: stats collected only from police reports and not everything is reported correctly.-tends to over-represent lower classes and under count middle and upper class crime.  ex: prostitution: only woman is arrested and reported not man!about ⅔ of crimes in the U.S. are not reported  NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) launched to get more accurate stats.

  25. Criminal Justice System • system comprising of institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes.  4 approaches to control/punish law breakers:deterrence, retribution, incarceration, rehabilitation

  26. Deterrence • uses threat of punishment to discourage criminal actionsresearch: this only works if potential law breakers know they are likely to get caught and punishment is severe.  Death penalty is NOT deterrent to murder!  More for feelings of revenge

  27. Retribution • punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts.

  28. Incarceration • goal: protect society from criminals by keeping them in prisonDo prisons rehab criminals?  rehabilitation: process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization.  More than ½ of those released from prison return w/in 3-5 yrs.

  29. Recidivism • return to criminal behavior.  Why?  Basic nature of offenders, influences of more hardened criminals while in jail, stigma of being ex-con makes it hard to be accepted living any normal life.  Transfer of prison norms to society doesn’t work.

  30. Alternatives to prison • 1. Combo of prison and probation2. Community based programs to re-introduce criminals into society3. Diversion strategy: handle outside formal system of criminal law. will they work?  Don’t know yet!  Recently, Americans have taken harsher view towards criminals.  

  31. Boot camp! • http://resolutionranch.com/RRC/VisionQuestCampwill it work?

  32. Unit Goals 1. Define deviance 2. Give an example of both positive and negative deviance. 3. How do we develop internal social control? 4. Give an example of external social control? 5. Do you think internal social control or external social control is more powerful in controlling behavior? Explain your answer. 6. How can deviance be positive? Give an example. 7. Explain what you know about the mind of a serial killer. Why do they commit murder? How is deviance different for a serial killer than it is for other members of society? 8. How is prison supposed to stop deviance? Do you think the system is flawed? Give 2 reasons why or why not. 9. What is an alternative to prison that you think could be effective at reducing crime? Why do you think it would work?

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