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Plant Parts and Their Jobs

Plant Parts and Their Jobs. Plant Structures and Functions. Plants:. Primary source of food for people and animals Produce oxygen Absorb carbon dioxide. Plants:. slow wind speed provide a home for wildlife beautify surroundings perfume the air furnish building materials and fuel.

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Plant Parts and Their Jobs

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  1. Plant Parts and Their Jobs Plant Structures and Functions

  2. Plants: • Primary source of food for people and animals • Produce oxygen • Absorb carbon dioxide

  3. Plants: • slow wind speed • provide a home for wildlife • beautify surroundings • perfume the air • furnish building materials and fuel

  4. Parts of a plant • Four basic parts • leaves • stems • roots • flowers

  5. What are the functions of leaves? • Make Food (carry out photosynthesis) • Gas Exchange (take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen and water vapor) Stomate (usually on bottoms of leaves) Guard Cells open and close stoma (hole) as they fill up with and lose water.

  6. Internal leaf structure • Epidermis-top and bottom • Pallisade Layer-most cells with chloroplasts • Spongy Layer-gas exchange through stomata

  7. Photosynthesis • process in which chlorophyll and light energy convert CO2 and H2O into sugar (and release oxygen)

  8. Photosynthesis Reaction • 6CO2 + 6H2O (with sunlight and chlorophyll) C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 • Water moves into root cells by osmosis and up through the xylem tubes to the leaf cells • The food moves down through phloem cells to the rest of the cells of the plant

  9. Stems- two main functions • Vascular bundles of xylem cells carry water and minerals up and phloem cells carry food down • Support leaves and reproductive structures (flowers, cones, etc)

  10. Internal Stem Structure • Phloem- under bark, carries manufactured foods down. • Xylem- wood, carries water and minerals up. • Cambium- separates the 2 and produces new xylem and phloem cells.

  11. Dicot-bean (vascular bundles in ring under bark) Cambium Phloem Xylem

  12. Monocot-corn (vascular bundles scattered throughout stem) Phloem Cells Xylem tube

  13. What Good Are Stems? • food-rhubarb, celery, white potato • building materials-wood • paper • Reproduction-white potato, bannana

  14. Types of Modified Stems • Bulbs: (onion) • Tubers: (potato) • Stolons: above ground runner (strawberry) • Rhizomes: below ground runners (field bindweed or creeping jenny)

  15. Roots-functions: • anchor plant and hold upright • let water and minerals in from soil • food storage (radish, carrot, beets, sweet potatoes) and reproduction

  16. External Structures • root cap-protects tender cell division area as pushes through soil

  17. Root Hairs-water and minerals move into rootby diffusion

  18. Type of root systems • fibrous-grasses • Hold soil in place-prevent erosion • tap root-carrot-wider, longer and fewer roots

  19. Flowers, Fruits, Seeds • pollination-pollen normally carried by insects or wind • fruits and seeds normally carried by wind, animals, water or shot away from parent plants (projectiles)

  20. Parts of the Flower • Sepals-green leaf-like part, covers and protects bud before opening • Petals-modified leaves-attract animal pollinators

  21. Petals • are actually leaves • usually bright colors to attract pollinating insects.

  22. Stamens-male parts Anther (produces pollen) and Filament = stalk

  23. Pistil-female part Stigma-top-sticky, hairy, feathery-catches pollen Style - tube leading from stigma to ovary Ovary- where eggs are located in Ovules which develop into the seeds in (Ovary develops into fruit)

  24. Types of Flowers • Complete-contains 4 main parts • Incomplete-does not have all 4 • Perfect-has stamens and pistils • Imperfect-lacks stamens or pistils

  25. Types of Flowers • Monoecious • stamens and pistils are found in separate flowers on the same plant-Corn • Tassels-Male • Ears-Female

  26. Dioecious • male or staminate flowers found on one plant, female or pistilate flowers on another plant • ex: holly or willow Separate Male & Female Plants

  27. What is vegetative propagation? • Reproducing plants asexually (without using seeds, spores, or flowers) • Normally done with cuttings (nonreproductive parts such as roots, stems, and leaves) • Sometimes you can add chemicals to the cut edges to get them to grow roots

  28. Seeds • Sexual reproduction process • Seeds produced from joining of sperm nucleus from pollen grains and egg nucleus in ovary • Self-pollination • Cross-pollination

  29. Composition of Seeds • Seed Coat • Endosperm • Embryo

  30. Seed Coat • Outside Covering • Protection • Transportation Some have wings, floats, spines, or berries to aid in dispersing the seeds away from the parent plants.

  31. Endosperm • Food storage • Nourishment during germination

  32. Embryo • Main parts: Radicle-becomes root system (grows first) Hypocotyl-first stem Cotyledons-provide food for growing embryo Epicotyl-grows up to become new stem and leaves

  33. Types of Fruits • Fleshy-three main types berry=lots of seeds-orange or watermelon drupe=stone or pit-peach or cherry pome=pear or apple • Dry-wings=maple, grain=corn, nut=acorn, legume=pea, bean, peanut, follicle=milkweed, etc • Aggregate-strawberry, blackberry • Multiple-pineapple

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