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SLEEP

SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity. The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS). STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep spindles; sound asleep, but easily awakened

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SLEEP

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  1. SLEEP

  2. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity

  3. The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) • STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened • STAGE 2: Sleep spindles; sound asleep, but easily awakened • STAGE 3:Delta Waves (20-50% of record); hard to wake up; decrease in blood pressure, body temp, muscle tone, heart rate • STAGE 4: Deep Sleep; almost continuous Delta Waves; difficult to wake up; seldom move

  4. The Stages of Sleep: REM Sleep • Rapid Eye Movements • Vivid Dreaming • Paradoxical Sleep: Brain Wave Patterns look alert; Theta Wave Spikes in record • Complete loss of muscle tone

  5. The Sleep Cycle

  6. Theories of REM Sleep & Dreaming • Freudian Theory (Manifest vs. Latent Content) • Activation-Synthesis Theory (Cortex tries to make sense of random brain activity) • Neurocognitive Theory (Dreams are the result of thinking under unusual circumstances)

  7. Why Do We Sleep? • We don’t really know, but some theories: • Brain Development; Solidify information from the day • Repair & Restoration Theory: Restore homeostasis to brain chemistry • Evolutionary or Energy Conservation Theory: We sleep to conserve energy & avoid danger

  8. Effects of Sleep Deprivation • No major effects up until 24 hours • Depression, lethargy, decline on task performance, especially vigilance tasks • Prolonged deprivation (>120 hours) can lead to hallucinations & psychotic behavior • Repeated REM deprivation leads to irritability • Metabolic processes remain largely unaffected

  9. Sleep Disorders • Insomnia • Narcolepsy • Cataplexy • Sleep Apnea • Night Terrors, Sleep Walking • Periodic Limb Movement Disorder • (Restless Leg Syndrome)

  10. Routes to Altered States of Consciousness • Drugs • Meditation • Hypnosis • Nonchemical Environmental Pathways

  11. Sensory Deprivation Studies

  12. Sensory Deprivation Studies

  13. R.E.S.T: Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique

  14. R.E.S.T: Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique

  15. Sweat Lodges Navajo Sweat Lodge Crow Sweat Lodge

  16. Factors that May be Operating in Extreme or Unusual Environments *Intense or Novel Sensory Stimulation *Trauma from Accidents *Weightlessness, Pressure Changes *Extreme Temperatures or Hypothermia *Restricted Vision, Hearing, Smell *Lack of Social Stimulation *Monotonous Sensory Stimulation from Landscapes or Seascapes

  17. The Sensed Presence A perception or feeling that another Person is present, usually to help. Can range from a vague feeling to A flesh & blood entity May be a god, spirit, ancestor, Or person known to observer.

  18. Why Does a Sensed Presence Appear? • Motion of Boats • Atmospheric/Geomagnetic Activity • Changes in brain chemistry triggered by: • Stress • Lack of oxygen • Monotonous stimulation • Buildup of hormones • Shifting of attention from external, ambient stimuli to internal information we have less experience processing.

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