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The Social Construction f Race, Class and Gender. Multiculturalism in the US, Robert Wonser. The Social Construction of Reality. Reality is constructed socially. Reify – to make real
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The Social Construction f Race, Class and Gender Multiculturalism in the US, Robert Wonser
The Social Construction of Reality • Reality is constructed socially. • Reify – to make real • social construction, that is, it is an idea created by humans (i.e. doesn’t exist in the biological world but only in the social world) through social interaction and given a reality through our understanding of it and our collective actions. • Does California exist empirically?
Race • Race as we know it is a social construction. • It exists not in the biological world but in the social world. • Race and ethnicity are social constructions. • They are defined and maintained through interaction. • They do not exist biologically. • They are reifications, social constructions.
Race and ethnicity • Race is a socially defined category, based on real or perceived biological differences between groups of people. • Ethnicity is a socially defined category based on common language, religion, nationality, history, or another cultural factor.
Social class • Also a social construction! • Social class refers to a system of stratification based on access to resources such as wealth, property, power, education and prestige. • Sociologists often refer to it as socioeconomic status (or SES). • By the way, what’s the difference between income and wealth?
gender • Surprise! Also a social construction! • Sex refers to an individual’s membership in one of two biologically distinct categories—male or female. • Gender refers to the physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a group considers normal for its male and female members.
Male and Female Median Earnings, 1959–2008 Introduction to Sociology: Sex and Gender
sexuality • You guessed it… also a social construction! • Sexual orientation is the inclination to be heterosexual (attracted to the opposite sex), homosexual (attracted to the same sex), or bisexual (attracted to either sex).
Sexual Orientation Is sexual orientation a continuum rather than a few simple categories? Those who are asexual may simply reject any sexual identity at all. Introduction to Sociology: Sex and Gender 12