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The Bourbon Era

A Change of Dynasty. El Hechizado (Charles II) and the End of the Habsburg DynastyPhilip V (Philip of Anjou) (1702-1746) and the Bourbon DynastyCommitment to modernize the Spanish systemCentralist policies of the French BourbonsRestore the militaryModest commercial reforms2 Manila galleonsMov

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The Bourbon Era

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    1. The Bourbon Era A Change of Dynasty The Bourbons Restructure New Spain Economic Reforms Political Restructuring Reform of Administration Crisis and Collapse

    2. A Change of Dynasty El Hechizado (Charles II) and the End of the Habsburg Dynasty Philip V (Philip of Anjou) (1702-1746) and the Bourbon Dynasty Commitment to modernize the Spanish system Centralist policies of the French Bourbons Restore the military Modest commercial reforms 2 Manila galleons Move the official port of trade with the New World from Seville to Cadíz Suspension of the fleet system Ferdinand VI (1746-1759)

    3. El Hechizado (Photo)

    4. The Bourbons Restructure New Spain Charles III (1759-1788) Enlightened Absolutist The Visitación of José de Galvez Five year visitation beginning in 1765 Two overriding concerns The Economy of New Spain Defense of the colony’s frontiers

    5. Economic Reforms Comercio Libre Monopoly of Veracruz and Acapulco merchants Opening of new official ports 1764-1765 monopoly of Cadíz broken 1790 Casa de Contratación abolished Revival of silver mining Quicksilver more easily available for miners Miner’s guild 3.25 Million pesos in 1700 to 13.5 million in 1750 to 27 million by 1804 Mexico produced as much silver as the rest of the world 1680-1822 Mexico minted 1.5 million pesos in silver and 60 million in gold Cochineal, Tobacco By 1810 New Spain contributed 75% of imperial profits

    6. Political Restructuring Strengthening the Defenses The Seven Years War and the loss of Havana and Manila Strengthening of fortifications in the colonies and the establishment of a standing military force Settlement of Alta California The fuero militar and the Latin American military tradition A separate caste not subject to civil power Assault on Criollo vested interests The Expulsion of the Jesuits Consolidación de Vales Reales

    7. Jesuit California (table)

    8. Reform of Administration Replacement of Alcaldes Mayores and Corregidores with Intendants Intendants had been used in France to consolidate Royal power Intendants were well paid by the crown to avoid the corruption inherent in the old system Control Royal monopolies, collect taxes, oversee treasury interests including the suppression of smuggling Wide authority of Intendants placed them at odds with the Viceroys and Audiencias Intendant system was not implemented everywhere

    9. Bourbon Reforms (map)

    10. Crisis & Collapse The effect of the Bourbon Reforms was to increase the revenue to the crown at the expense of the colonial elite In this regard the reforms were highly successful Reforms have been referred to as the “Second Conquest of America” Criollo Patriotism Criollos vs. Peninsulares La Vírgen, St. Thomas, & Quetzalcóatl The Napoleonic Crisis in Europe Charles IV (1792-1808), Manuel de Godoy, Maria Luisa The Captivity of Ferdinand VII and Joseph Bonaparte The Napoleonic Crisis in America

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