CHAPTER EIGHT

1. CHAPTER EIGHT THE CLASH OF THE EMPIRES

2. Frenchmen • also known as LaSalle. • He had come to New France two years before to trade for furs with Indians. • His great ambition was to find a route to Asia through the interior of North America. ROBERT CAVELIER/LASALLE

3. NORTHWEST PASSAGE A route to Asia through the interior of North America.

4. New France had begun with Samuel Champlain’s founding of Quebec in 1608.Population was 2,000 (mostly male)

5. WHAT JOBS DID THE FRENCH HAVE? • Fur traders • Government officials • missionaries

6. QUEBEC • THE CAPITAL OF NEW FRANCE

7. MONTREAL

8. In the 1660s France became very concerned about the growing number of English and Dutch colonists in North America. They were beginning to compete with the French fur trade.

9. HOW IS NEW FRANCE DIFFERENT? The English has set up permanent colonies whereas the French had not.

10. SO…FRANCE STARTED SETTLING!The increased population would serve as a line of defense against the English expansion.

11. The plan worked! The population in New France grew to 15,000 by 1700.

12. HOWEVER, THE PLAN DIDN’T WORK WELL ENOUGH! • ENGLAND STILL DOMINATED!

13. TRADE TRADE

14. WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE FOR A FRENCHMEN? • Ordinary Frenchmen could not own land • The riches for these men lie in fur pelts and hides • Land was only granted to the nobles

15. WHAT DID THE FRENCH NEED FOR THE FUR TRADE TO WORK? • Indian participation

16. WHAT DO I DO NOW? • 1. Open BOOK to p. 153 2. Open binder to Ch 8 section one I can statements 3. COMPLETE ONLY 1-14 "It is truly a miserable thing that we no sooner leave fighting our neighbors, the French, but we must fall to quarreling among ourselves."— Reverend Samuel Johnson of Connecticut, 177319

17. HOW WERE THE FRENCH SO MUCH BETTER WITH THE INDIANS THAN WE WERE? • The French got along with the Indians better than any other colonial power. • French trappers and traders learned to live as the Indians did.

18. Some fur traders even lived among the Indians and married into their tribes. • French missionaries also treated the Indians with respect

19. WHAT ELSE?!?!?! • They took the time to learn the Indian language. • They did not force the Indians to follow the French ways. THE ENGLISH DID NOT TAKE THE TIME TO LEARN TO DO ANY OF THESE THINGS!

20. MANY FRENCH AND INDIANS BARTEREDTraded goods without exchanging money

21. WHAT DID THEY BARTER? • 1. furs • 2. deerskins • 3.manufactured items • 4. iron pots • 5. steel knives • 6. glass beads • 7. even guns

23. SO…LASALLE DECIDES TO GO SOUTH! ROBERT CAVELIER

24. In the winter of 1668-1669 LaSalle took notes as the Seneca told him about his homeland. A great river called the Ohio River ran through this land

25. Was it possible that Ohio River was the Northwest Passage?That is why LaSalle was so excited!

26. WAIT A MINUTE!WHAT WAS THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE AGAIN? • A route to Asia through the interior of North America.

27. NO! • The next spring he headed southward from Lake Ontario until he reached the Ohio River. • He followed the great river almost to the Mississippi. • Then he realized that the Ohio was heading south and was not likely to be the Northwest Passage.

28. Jacques Marquette was a missionary priest and Joliet was a fur trader. They tried to find yet another great river.

29. PORTAGE • Carrying boats over land

30. I can explain what Marquette and Joliet did when they reached the Arkansas River. They were afraid that they might run into the Spanish so they turned around.

31. FROM THIS LASALLE HAD A DREAM! • LaSalle had begun dreaming of expanding New France to the west. He looked forward to permanent French settlements in the future

32. He asked permission to explore the Mississippi for purposes of colonization

33. In 1677 Lois XIV, king of France, granted LaSalle’s request

34. In 1687 LaSalle crossed the Great Lakes by boat

35. In 1681 he set out with 23 French colonists and 31 Indians

36. In the lower Mississippi Valley they met decedents of the mound builders and were impressed with how nice the tribe was

37. In April 1682 they reached the gulf of Mexico

38. > There at the mouth of the Mississippi River LaSalle claiming his country of Louisiana…in the name of the most high and mighty Louis the Great (king of France)

39. > With the kings blessings LaSalle set out for Mississippi mouth

40. He set out with 4 ships carrying over 300 colonists

41. He passed up the delta! (Mississippi had split into several different rivers by the time he made it to this point

42. He didn’t realize this until he was off the Texas coast

43. Out of food and lost all but one ship

44. Indians then wrecked the last remaining ship

45. LaSalle then set out by land to find the Mississippi River

46. A group of followers rebellion on the march and ending up killing LaSalle

47. AFTER LASALLES’ DEATH • 1. The French government ordered settlers to stay close together • 2. Government later ordered trappers and traders out of the wilderness completely •  3.The interior the government declared was to remain Indian territory permanently

48. WHY SHOULD FRENCH CONTROL THE MISSISSIPPI? • 1. It would be a base of attack against the Spanish-controlled Mexico • 2. It would function as a trading post for furs and minerals from the interior • 3. It would keep England from taking control of the Mississippi River

49. The French king approved a settlement on the lower Mississippi

50. Jean Baptiste de Bienville was in charge of a fort at Biloxi