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Impact of trail network on landscape. MSc. Ondřej Vítek Impact of road and tourist trail network on alpine and subalpine landscape in the Krkonoše Mts. - GPS measurements and GIS evaluation. GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science
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Impact of trail network on landscape MSc. Ondřej Vítek Impact of road and tourist trail network on alpine and subalpine landscape in the Krkonoše Mts. - GPS measurements and GIS evaluation GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic The Krkonoše Mts. National Park Administration Vrchlabí, Czech Republic
WHAT - introduction • HOW - methods • WHICH - overview of collected data • WHY - problems of measurement • HOW - GIS evaluation • WHAT - some interesting results GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introduction • HOW - methods • WHICH - overview of collected data • WHY - problems of measurement • HOW - GIS evaluation • WHAT - some interesting results GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
Krkonoše - outstanding nature • visible problem - road effect: expansion & invasion • indicators: individuals vs. communities • area of interest • targets: Find out theextentof non-natural growths Find out mainreasonsfor distribution/extinction Proposeimprovingactivities GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
KRKONOŠE MTS. • National park (1963) • Krkonoše/Karkonosze Biosphere reserve (1992) • Weak subalpine nature vs. tourism • grassland, peat-bogs, corries, Swiss Mountain Pine stands, … • trails & roads, chalets, viewpoints, tourists, ... GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
natural state naturally occuring species (no influence) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
expansion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
expansion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
expansion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
expansion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
f expansion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
natural state naturally occuring species (no influence) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
invasion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) invading species GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
invasion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) invading species GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
invasion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) invading species GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
f invasion stable species expanding species (positive influence of trail network) disappearing species (negative influence of trail network) invading species GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
Indicators: individuals vs. communities • expansion & invasion - pictures of individuals • summarising research - mapping of communities (all or only several types) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
Area of interest • Krkonoše Mts. - high tourism exploatation and outstanding nature • alpine nature - little visible influence on vegetation • mountain veg. belt - giant impact of forestry • subalpine communities - effect of trails best visible GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
Area of interest II • 6.8 km2 on Czech side until 1999 • ca 10 km2 on both Czech and Polish sides since 1999 GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
Krkonoše - outstanding nature • visible problem - road effect: expansion & invasion • indicators: individuals vs. communities • area of interest • targets: Find out theextentof non-natural growths Find out mainreasonsfor distribution/extinction Proposeimprovingactivities GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introduction • HOW - methods • WHICH - overview of collected data • WHY - problems of measurement • HOW - GIS evaluation • WHAT - some interesting results GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
target 1:Find out theextentof non-natural growths • GPS - position & info (database) • GIS - maintenance and evaluation of data GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
target 2:Find out mainreasonsfor distribution/extinction • GIS - combination of GPS data (e.g. average width of TMV vs. trail stabilising material) • other sampling methods (counting tourists, botany, water, soil etc.) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
target 3:Proposeimprovingactivities complex analysis of all data, field observations and experience GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introduction • HOW - methods • WHICH - overview of collected data • WHY - problems of measurement • HOW - GIS evaluation • WHAT - some interesting results GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
AREA TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf) community according todominant (menu) Senecio hercynicus Rumex alpinus Cirsium heterophyllum Calamagrostis villosa Deschampsia cespitosa ruderal comm. around chalets trampled grass veg. covering < 20% other comm. (text) - different type or co-dominants GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
LINE TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf) trail according torestrictions (menu) open closed according tostabilising material (menu) asphalt dolomite melaphyre dolomite/melaphyre mix. autochthonous stab. non-stabilised according toseasonality (menu) summer winter full-year GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
TRIMBLE data dictionary (.ddf) individualspecies (menu) sampling point (number) viewpoint (text) drainage (menu) phytosociological relevé (number) bunker crossroad sign (text + number) frontier stone (text) anthropogenous relief shapes (menu + number) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introduction • HOW - methods • WHICH - overview of collected data • WHY - problems of measurement • HOW - GIS evaluation • WHAT - some interesting results GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
asphalt gravel Definition of borders • trails • vegetation types GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
Difference between area/line/point • species occurrence (area/point) how many idividuals are 1 point? • roads/trails/paths (area/line) • community (area/0) - comm. width < GPS accuracy GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
PDOP • max. 6 → accuracy +- 40 cm • max. ? → inaccuracy max. 40 cm • periods of PDOP >> 6 • distance to the reference station (150 km) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
other problems of field measurement • stormy weather • „swinging“ of antenna while walking • inquisitive tourists GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introduction • HOW - methods • WHICH - overview of collected data • WHY - problems of measurement • HOW - GIS evaluation • WHAT - some interesting results GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
ArcView, ARC/INFO • under construction • precision checked with othophotos and digitalised maps • GIS database - sums of area, length (total or by categories) GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
average width of TMV GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
trails according to tourist load GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introduction • HOW - methods • WHICH - overview of collected data • WHY - problems of measurement • HOW - GIS evaluation • WHAT - some interesting results GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
oldest trail: map from 16th century • new roads & bunkers before II.ww • trail density: > 4.5 km/km2 • trails: 1 % of the area (71 % trails stabilised with allochthonous mat.) • summer use: 19 km (on 6.8 km2 area) winter use: 15.5 km • max. tourists: > 700 in ave. day GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
area of TMV 3 %of AOI • absolutely dominating Senecio hercynicus(expanding species) • bioindicator of worst stands: Rumex alpinus • ave. TMV width along asph. r.: 32 m • non-stabilised trails: no TMV GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
dolomite (limestone): Ca2+ road GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
WHAT - introduction • HOW - methods • WHICH - overview of collected data • WHY - problems of measurement • HOW - GIS evaluation • WHAT - some interesting results GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic
Ondřej Vítek ovitek@natur.cuni.cz www.labgis.natur.cuni.cz - our GIS laboratory @ FSc, ChU, Praha www.krnap.cz - The Krkonoše Mts. NP Administration, Vrchlabí GIS Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Studies Charles University, Faculty of Science Praha, Czech Republic