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Culture

Culture. Culture: What Is…?. Culture Ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a person ’ s way of life Kinds of culture Material Nonmaterial. LO 2.1 Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival. Culture: What Is…?. Culture shock

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Culture

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  1. Culture

  2. Culture: What Is…? • Culture • Ways of thinking, acting, and material objects that form a person’s way of life • Kinds of culture • Material • Nonmaterial LO 2.1 Explain the development of culture as a human strategy for survival.

  3. Culture: What Is…? Culture shock • Involves personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life • May occur within domestic and foreign travel Cultural relativism • Involves a more accurate understanding of cultures Some 12,000 Yąnomam live in villages scattered along the border of Venezuela and Brazil. Do you think you could interact with people from this culture? See page 50 for more information.

  4. What Is Culture? Society • People who interact in a defined territory and share a culture Thoughts to ponder • No particular way of life is “natural” to humanity. • Only humans rely on culture rather than instinct to create a way of life and ensure survival. This woman traveling on a British subway is not sure what to make of the woman sitting next to her, who is wearing the Muslim-face veil known as the niqab.

  5. What is Culture?

  6. What Is Culture?

  7. Elements of Culture: Symbols • Humans transform elements of the world into symbols. • Symbols are anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture. • Societies create new symbols all the time. • Meanings vary within and between cultures. People throughout the world communicate not just with spoken words but also with bodily gestures. LO 2.2 Identify common elements of culture.

  8. Language: What Is…?

  9. Elements of Culture: Language

  10. Chinese (including Mandarin, Cantonese, and dozens of other dialects) is the native tongue of one-fifth of the world’s people, almost all of whom live in Asia. English is the native tongue or official language in several world regions (spoken by 5 percent of humanity) and has become the preferred second language in most of the world. The largest concentration of Spanish speakers is in Latin America and, of course, Spain. Spanish is also the second most widely spoken language in the United States.

  11. Values and Beliefs: What Is…?

  12. Elements of Culture: Values and Beliefs Key values of U.S. culture (Williams) • Equal opportunity • Achievement and success • Material comfort • Activity and work • Practicality and efficiency • Progress • Science • Democracy and free enterprise • Freedom • Racism and group superiority How does the popularity of the television show American Idol illustrate many of the key values of U.S. culture listed to the left?

  13. Values and Beliefs

  14. Cultural Values of Selected Countries

  15. Norms: What Are…?

  16. Norms: Ideal Versus Real Culture

  17. Technology and Culture LO 2.3 Analyze how a society’s level of technology shapes its culture.

  18. Technology and Culture: Hunting and Gathering Societies

  19. Technology and Culture: Horticulture and Pastoralism

  20. Technology and Culture: Agrarian and Industrial Societies

  21. Technology and Culture: Postindustrial Information Technology

  22. Cultural Diversity: What Is…? • High culture • Cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite • Popular culture • Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population Reality television is based on popular culture rather than high culture. Here Comes Honey Boo Boo follows seven-year-old Alana Honey Boo Boo Thompson and her parents, who live in rural Georgia. While some critics object to the show as “low-brow,” others applaud the portrayal of a “real” low-income family. LO 2.4 Discuss dimensions of cultural difference and cultural change.

  23. Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World • Subculture • Culture patterns that set apart some segment of a society’s population • Multiculturalism • Perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions • Eurocentrism • Afrocentrism Is it ethnocentric for people living in high-income nations to condemn the practice of child labor because we think youngsters belong in school? Why or why not?

  24. Language Diversity across the United States

  25. Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World

  26. Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life in One World

  27. Is There a Global Culture?

  28. Is There a Global Culture?

  29. Functions of Culture: Structural-Functional Theory LO 2.5 Apply sociology's macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture.

  30. Functions of Culture: Structural-Functional Theory LO 2.5 Apply sociology's macro-level theories to gain greater understanding of culture.

  31. Inequality and Culture: Social-Conflict Theory

  32. Inequality and Culture: Social-Conflict Theory

  33. Inequality and Culture: Social-Conflict Theory

  34. Evolution and Culture

  35. Evolution and Culture

  36. Applying Theory

  37. Culture and Human Freedom LO 2.6 Critique culture as limiting or expanding human freedom.

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