Growth & Development

1. Growth & Development School Age

2. Unit 5 Pretest • Which thought process involves logical thinking for the school-age child and an understanding of the different stages of development based on the developmental theorists? • Stage of industry b. Concrete operations c. Sexual latency d. Androgynous

3. In terms of gender identity, some adults develop a concept of gender identity that includes both masculine and feminine qualities. This is known as • Neutrality b. Assertive sensitivity c. Ambivalence d. Androgynous

4. Nurses can assist parents and children with sex education through careful listening and • Anticipatory guidance b. Fostering independence c. Constructive criticism d. Strong discipline

5. Latchkey children are those left unsupervised after school because parents or extended family members work outside the home. They are at a higher risk of feeling isolated and subject to a higher rate of • Study hours b. Accidents c. After-school activities d. Parental supervision

6. At what age do the child’s arms and hands seem to grow faster that the rest of their body? • 6 years old b. 7 years old c. 8 years old d. 9 years old

7. Which age category is characterized by disorganization and children who are intense, observant, all-knowing, energetic, meddlesome, and argumentative? • 5-7 years b. 8-10 years c. 11-12 years d. 16-18 years

8. 7. At what age are hand-eye coordination and fine motor skills well-established and movements graceful and coordinated? • 4-6 years b. 6-8 years c. 8-10 years d. 10-12 years

9. Studies have documented that after the age 7, children can be responsible for care of a family pet and that pets • Are time consuming b. Cause disease • Prevent disease d. Improve medical outcome after surgery

10. Immunocompromised children are at risk of contracting illnesses spread by some types of animal because the animals cannot be screened for potential pathogens, have few vaccines, and are most likely to transmit disease. For these reasons, which animal below is the best choice of a companion for an immunocompromised child? a. Bird b. Dog c. Turtle d. iguana

11. Although pet ownership may nurture a sense of responsibility and encourage socialization with shy children, which of the following is essential? • Choosing a shy domestic animal for the family pet • Selecting an appropriate pet for the family • Providing exposure to farm animals • Choosing a puppy younger than 1 year old

12. SCHOOL AGE • 6 – 12 years old • Begins with entry into formal education • Ends with the onset of puberty

13. 5 Significant Accomplishments • Growth slow & steady • Moves away from the family toward peer relationships • Becomes less self centered & more goal directed • Deciduous teeth lost; permanent appear • Sexual tranquility replaces sexual curiosity & preoccupation

14. Physical Changes • Slow until spurt directly before puberty • Weight: gain 5.5–7 lbs per yr. • Height: grow 2 in per yr. • Brain adult size age 12 • Awkward & clumsy • Facial structure • Posture changes • 6 year molars erupt • Heart smaller in proportion to body size • Vital signs

15. Age Appropriate Changes6 year old • Energized • Brief attention span • Bossy • 6 yr molars erupt • Muscle coordination • Talk for a purpose • 11-13 hrs sleep • Cooperative/imaginative play • Time/support to adjust

16. Age Appropriate Changes7 year old • Beginning concept of math • Interest in God & heaven • Stealing may arise *Need not being met *Restitution • Quieter • Set high standards • Good sense of humor • More modest • Enjoy being active but likes periods of rest • Months, seasons, time • “Crush” develops

17. Age Appropriate Changes8 year old • Competitive sports but poor losers • Dramatic play; imitate adult roles • Secret clubs • Group activities • Same sex friends • Group fads • Arms/hands grow faster than rest of body • Large/small muscle groups better develop • Cursive writing • Understand number of days

18. Age Appropriate Changes9 year old • Dependable • Interest in family activities • More responsibility • Resist adult authority if not coincide with groups opinion • Worries / mild compulsions • Competitive sports • Music interest • Multiply & simple division

19. Age Appropriate Changes10 year old • Girls more physically mature • Self direction • Courteous to adults • Independent • Group ideas important • Knows fractions & numbers > 100 • Skill identification to particular gender role • Interest in appearance

20. Age Appropriate Changes11–12 year olds • Energetic - Poor posture • 24 – 26 teeth - Decline in grades • Groups still important - Interest in their body • Act disinterested in opposite sex • Likes to earn money • Seek an adult friend to idolize • Conscience

21. 11–12 year old guidance It’s TRICKY!!!! 1. Freedom with limits 2. Avoid nagging 3. Allow decision making 4. Have the “talks”

22. Sex Education Aspects • 7 / 8 yr olds know both sexes for childbirth to occur but not sure how • Continue to be curious about their body • Want the knowledge • Cant answer questions in 3-4 words – be honest as possible • Not too much in 1 sitting • Their level of understanding

23. Sex Education Aspects • Correct terms – identify street or slang terms • Comfortable conversation as possible – open talk not preaching / lecturing • Good role model • Boys – erections & nocturnal emissions • Girls – menarche • Body disproportions

24. Psychosocial TaskIndustry vs. Inferiority Industry 1. Doing, making himself 2. Enjoys mastering skills 3. Increases competence & productivity 4. Cooperation Inferiority 1. Failure & frustration 2. Viewed as inadequate 3. Not every task successful but success needs to outweigh unsuccessful

25. Psychosocial TaskIndustry vs. Inferiority Interventions 1. Encouragement 2. New ideas 3. Experience variety

26. Psychosexual Development Latency 1. Sexual urges are dormant 2. Focus on peer relationships 3. Learn to live in groups 4. Learning to achieve role of leader or follower

27. Cognitive Development (Review) Preoperational (age 2-7) 1. Preconceptual (age 2-4) a. Language & symbolic functioning b. Egocentric 2. Intuitive thought (age 4-7) a. Centering b. Capable of some reasoning (prelogical thinking)

28. Cognitive Development Concrete operational thought a. 7-11 years old b. Concentrate on > 1 aspect of a situation c. Increased acquisition of cognition 1. Concept of conservation of mass 2. Causation 3. Classification 4. Increased problem solving skills

29. Cognitive Development Formal operational stage a. 11-16 years b. Abstract thoughts / concepts c. Increased problem solving skills

30. Moral Development Pre-conventional 1. 4-7 years 2. Learns reasoning through demands of obedience Conventional 1. 7-11 years 2. Rules benefit everyone 3. Seek approval from society

31. Sibling Rivalry • Competition • Different temperaments & personalities • Levels of development • Different ages • Fills their time

32. Safety • MVA #1 • Competitive sports – injuries • No fear factor; more motor skills - helmets • Lying / stealing

33. Play Team Play 1. Rules/Regulation 2. Active & competitive 3. Same gender 4. Based on ability Toys • 6-10 years: bat/ball, sidewalk play, bikes, collections & hobbies 2. 10-12 years: games, CD’s/DVD’s, science sets

34. Health Promotion Regular Health Screenings a. Physical Exam b. Assessing Immunization Schedule c. Vision / Hearing d. Dental Hygiene e. Scoliosis