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Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics. Abbott Gregor Mendel. The “Father of Genetics” 1822-1884 As you watch this video clip write down 3 facts about Gregor Mendel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxKFdQo10rE. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vAAf4g5iF8. 3 Main Principles. 1) Segregation.

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Introduction to Genetics

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  1. Introduction to Genetics

  2. Abbott Gregor Mendel • The “Father of Genetics” 1822-1884 • As you watch this video clip write down 3 facts about Gregor Mendel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxKFdQo10rE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vAAf4g5iF8

  3. 3 Main Principles

  4. 1) Segregation • Alleles are separated during reproduction; one from each parent. • Ex. BB (mom) bb (dad) • Child (Bb)

  5. Segregation • Alleles are separated during reproduction; one from each parent.

  6. 2) Dominance • In an heterozygous situation of alleles (Aa for example), one trait will be dominant (show up) over the other. • Ex. B= Brown eyes b= blue eyes • BB= Brown eyes bb= blue eyes • Bb= Brown eyes

  7. 3) Independent Assortment • Which allele an organism receives has no effect on other traits which may be displayed. • Ex. Hair color has no effect on Brain size.

  8. So- What is Genetics? • The study of the path of characteristics…ie where they came from, where they are and where they may go...

  9. Why study genetics? • Because genetics determine WHO WE ARE !!!

  10. Alleles • The different forms of a gene • A, B, Z (anything!)

  11. Homozygous -Purebred • Two alleles of the same dominance (either both AA or both aa)

  12. Heterozygous-Hybrid • Two letters (alleles) that are different = hetero • Ex. Aa or Zz or Bb.

  13. Dominant /Recessive • Dominant is represented as an UPPER CASE Ex. A • Recessive is represented as lower case. Ex. a

  14. Phenotype • The physical traits that a person actually shows!

  15. Genotype • The genes that a person carries but does not show. • Ex. A person may carry a trait for blue eyes but actually have Brown eyes!

  16. Class survey • Question- Are dominant traits seen more often than recessive traits?

  17. Free earlobes/Attached earlobes

  18. Widows Peak/No widows peak

  19. Cleft chin

  20. Smile dimples

  21. Two Factor Crosses

  22. Incomplete Dominance • A situation where one trait is not completely dominant over the other. The heterozygous trait is in between the homozygous phenotypes.

  23. Codominance • A situation in which both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism.

  24. Multiple alleles • Genes that have more than two alleles.

  25. Polygenic Traits • Genetic traits that are a combination of several genes.

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