Typography

1. Typography • Font type • Font size • Font style (e.g., bold, italic) • Color • Font effects The first 3 of these can be set in the formatting toolbar, and all of them can be set in the Format => Font… dialog box:

3. Ways to categorize fonts • One way: • Monospaced: all characters same widthExample: Courier New • Reminiscent of typewritten text. • Useful for when text must be aligned vertically. • Proportional: character width variesExample: Times New Roman or Arial

4. Another way: • Serif: Characters have short lines (called serifs) attached to the upper and lower ends of their strokesExample: Times New Roman • Sans Serif: (meaning “without serifs”) Characters have no serifsExample: Arial

5. What criteria should you use in deciding which font to use? • Readability--whether the reader will find it easy or hard to read. • Aesthetics--whether it’s an attractive font. • Appropriateness of the font to the particular purpose. • Connotation of a particular font type.

6. Font size • Font size can affect legibility. • It can also be used to emphasize a word or string of words when used in a text of a smaller font size. • Headings are usually in a larger font size than regular text.

7. This is hard to read from far away.[14 pts] • This is much [48 pts]easier to read.[32 pts]

8. How is font size measured? • Font size is measured in points. • One point is 1/72 inch. • The number of points measures the distance from the top of the tallest letter in a character set (e.g., an uppercase T) to the bottom of the lowest letter (e.g., a lowercase y). • For example, for 12-point type this distance would be 12/72 = 1/6 inch.

9. Font styles • Regular [Roman] • Italic • Bold • Bold Italic

10. Use of font styles • The use of font styles can be conventional. E.g. italicizing titles of books in an otherwise regular text: • O’Leary, John. 1998. How I Learned to Love the Internet. Boston, MA:Northeastern University Press. • They can also be used for emphasis: • “What did you mean by that?”

11. Font effects • Font effects are mainly used for indicating emphasis or de-emphasis. • In addition to underlining, those available in Word, and what they look like, are listed here:

13. Underlining • Underlining is usually used to emphasize text or make it stand out as different from the rest of the text. • Here are some of the underlining styles in Word:

15. One of them, single underline, is available in the formatting toolbar. • The others require you to use the Format => Font… dialog box:

16. 20 different underline styles

17. Color • Color can be applied to: • text • drawing elements like lines and arrows • paragraphs [fill] • highlighting • and in Word Art

19. You can access color via the formatting toolbar as well as the drawing toolbar and • via the Format menu.

20. Highlighting color Fill color Line color Font color

21. For Format => Font...

23. Coloring borders • Format => Borders and Shading… allows you to color • paragraph borders • page borders, and • shading [fill behind the text of the paragraph]

24. For coloring paragraph borders

25. For customizing colors

26. For coloring page borders

27. For coloring the backgrounds

28. Character spacing • The spacing between characters can also be changed from the default for some fonts. • This is also mainly used for emphasis. • You can change the character spacing in the Format => Font… dialog box.

30. To get a drop cap • Format => Drop Cap… • Here is an example: