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Water’s Beginnings

Water’s Beginnings. A multitude of words is no proof of a prudent mind. “The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself.”. ‘The seeds of everything have a moist nature”. Thales of Meletus “the father of science”. Spherical Earth Moon reflected light Eclipse. Quotes.

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Water’s Beginnings

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  1. Water’s Beginnings

  2. A multitude of words is no proof of a prudent mind. “The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself.” ‘The seeds of everything have a moist nature”. Thales of Meletus “the father of science” Spherical Earth Moon reflected light Eclipse Quotes (Circa 600 B.C.E.) “Water is the origin and essence of all things”

  3. Essence of all things?Water in the Solar System Ice core Ice and liquid clouds ice ice Oceans Temp. and Po Ice Ice core Ice and liquid clouds

  4. How large is the earth? Radius: 3986 mi (4000 mi) Diameter: 7973 mi (8000 mi) Circumference: 25,048 mi (25,000 mi) When was it calculated?

  5. 870,000 miles 8000 miles

  6. How much water is there? 400 billion billion gallons 326 million mi3(one estimate)

  7. Total Earth Water = 326 million mi3 700 miles 700 miles

  8. Total Earth Water = 326 million mi3 841 miles 3476 miles ¼ diameter of moon

  9. 326 million mi3 0.12% of the earth’s volume Where is all this water?

  10. Where is all the Water?

  11. Where is all the Water? Source: USGS

  12. Freshwater Groundwater Lakes Soils Wetlands Rivers Atmosphere Biological 0.775% 0.8%

  13. When did water appear and where did it come from?

  14. Accepted Age of the Earth: 4.6 billion years Accretion of materials from formation of the solar system Molten Surface 8000o F

  15. Chicxulub Crater Geologic Time Line Precambian 4.5 Bya to 570 Mya Paleozoic 570 Mya to 245 Mya (Multicellular explosion) Mesozoic 245 Mya to 65 Mya (Age of the reptiles) Cenozoic 65 Mya to present (Earth formation, cooling, oceans, primitive life, atmosphere)

  16. Time Scale 65 mya Cenozoic Era Precambrian Paleozoic Mesozoic Approximately 90% of Earth’s history 570 mya - 4.6 bya Human civilization Precambrian – encompasses the time from Earth's formation, approximately 4.5 billion years ago, until the start of the Cambrian period approximately 570 million years ago (mya).

  17. Early Precambrian Hadean Atmosphere N2 (nitrogen) CO2 (carbon dioxide) NH3 (ammonia) ? CH4 (methane) ? Chlorine, sulfur, hydrogen H2O (water vapor from interior)

  18. Cooling and condensation of water from the atmosphere When? Rainfall and liquid water at the surface

  19. Earliest Evidence of liquid Water on Earth ~ 4.3 bya Western Australia, 2001 Zircon Crystals Earth’s oldest terrestrial materials

  20. Water and the Rocks Western Greenland Minerals indicate Interaction with water 3.8 billion years old

  21. Pillow Lavas Basaltic Extrusive Rock 3.5 bya http://video.yahoo.com/watch/111691/635356

  22. Liquid Water 3.5 – 4.3 billion years ago Present levels 326 million mi3

  23. Origins of Earth’s Water

  24. Sources of Earth’s Water Earth’s Mantle Asteroids Comets

  25. 1. Volcanic Outgassing Mantle Rocks: 0.1 – 0.5 % water 70% water The volume of water coming out of volcanoes could have filled the oceans about 100 times since the earth cooled down

  26. 2. Asteroids 0.1 – 0.5 % water chondritic meteorites (~5%) up to 10-20% water

  27. spherical Could contain more fresh water than earth The largest known asteroid 25 percent of the asteroid belt‘s total mass

  28. 3. Comets Small, but possibly numerous Wrong kind of water?

  29. Hydrogen in Water (H2O) Electron (-) Nucleus Proton (+) Neutron Deuterium has a neutron Ordinary hydrogen does not The earth ratio of hydrogen to deuterium is about 6000:1 For many comets, the ratio is 12,000:1

  30. Comet LINEAR (2000) 3.6 million tons (3.3 billion kilograms) of water LINEAR was the first comet with a chemistry that indicated its water had the same ratio of hydrogen to deuterium as the water actually found on Earth.

  31. Origins of Water comet LINEAR 3.5 – 4.3 billion years

  32. Setting the stage for the evolution of life Water is an essential precursor to life. Next: Water and Life on Earth

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