PHOTOSYNTHESIS or Autotrophic Nutrition

1. PHOTOSYNTHESISor Autotrophic Nutrition

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • What does a plant need to survive? • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • Which of the above is organic?____________

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules. • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical bond energy. • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into glucose.

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis

6. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Electron Micrograph of a chloroplast

7. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

8. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Formula for photosynthesis:

9. The leaf

12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

13. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Occurs in two phases: • Light Phase • Occurs in the GRANA in the chloroplasts • Dark Phase • Occurs in the STROMA in the chloroplasts

14. Light Phase/Reaction • Occurs only in the presence of light • Also called Photolysis • Sunlight splits water into hydrogen and oxygen • Also called Light Dependent Reaction

15. Light Phase/Reaction • Drawing of Photolysis:

16. Dark Phase/Reaction • In order for the DARK PHASE to occur, HYDROGEN has to be carried from the LIGHT PHASE to the DARK PHASE. • This carrier molecule is called NADP. • When NADP is carrying hydrogen, it is NADPH.

17. Dark Phase/Reaction • Also called Light Independent Reaction • Also called Carbon Fixation. • In this phase, CARBON DIOXIDE from the atmosphere combines with HYDROGEN from the light reaction to form GLUCOSE. • ATP is diffused from the grana into the stroma for the dark reaction.

18. Carbon Fixation • Formula and drawing of Dark Reaction: • CO2 + H2 2 PGAL  glucose

19. Factors Effecting Photosynthesis • Temperature • Light Intensity • Availability of Water • Elevation

20. Graphs for Photosynthesis

21. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Occurs in plants AND animals. • Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA and CYTOPLASM.

22. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • The process by which energy in food molecules (glucose) is converted to a form that can be used by the cells (ATP). • Can be AEROBIC (uses O2) or ANAEROBIC (does NOT use O2)

23. CELL RESPIRATION • Picture

24. CELLULAR RESPIRATION • ATP • Adenosine Tri-Phosphate = ENERGY • Comes from chemical bonds breaking • The more bonds broken, the more energy made. • Energy is stored in high energy phosphate bonds.

25. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

26. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION • Occurs in the CYTOPLASM • Makes energy WITHOUT using oxygen. • Glucose is partially broken down. • Also called GLYCOLYSIS or FERMENTATION. • Produces: • EthylAlcohol ( in yeast) • Lactic Acid (in bacteria or human muscle cells).

27. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION • Pyruvic Acid • produced by the breakdown of sugars during GLYCOLYSIS

28. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION • Formula

29. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • Making ATP USING oxygen. • Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA • More energy efficient than anaerobic respiration (releases more energy). • Bonds in glucose are completely broken down.

30. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • Formula: C6H12O6 + 2ATP  Pyruvate  CO2 + H2O + 38 ATP O2

31. Steps of Aerobic Respiration 1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic Respiration) • Makes pyruvic acid, which is then broken down • Produces 4 ATP (gross)

32. Steps of Aerobic Respiration 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Produces citric acid, which is then broken down • Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down, releasing CO2

33. Steps of Aerobic Respiration 3. Electron Transport Chain • Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so glucose bonds can be FULLY broken down. • Releases H2O

34. AEROBIC RESPIRATION

35. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Lacticacid

36. CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS

37. CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS