1 / 64

Chapter 14: ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY

. Chapter 14: ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY. This lecture will help you understand:. Chemistry: The Central Science The Submicroscopic World Physical and Chemical Properties Determining Physical and Chemical Changes Elements to Compounds Naming Compounds. Chemistry: The Central Science.

bdaugherty
Download Presentation

Chapter 14: ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. . Chapter 14: ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY

  2. This lecture will help you understand: • Chemistry: The Central Science • The Submicroscopic World • Physical and Chemical Properties • Determining Physical and Chemical Changes • Elements to Compounds • Naming Compounds

  3. Chemistry: The Central Science • Chemistry is. . . • the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo.

  4. Chemistry: The Central Science

  5. Chemistry: The Central Science • Chemistry is. . . • the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo. • the “central” science.

  6. Chemistry Physics Biology Earth Science Astronomy

  7. Chemistry: The Central Science • Chemistry is. . . • the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo. • the “central” science. • a “materials” science.

  8. Chemistry: The Central Science • Chemistry is. . . • the study of matter and the transformations it can undergo. • the “central” science. • a “materials” science. Most of the material items in any modern house are shaped by some human-devised chemical process.

  9. [full screen Fig 11.2 - no caption]

  10. Chemistry: The Central Science More than 70 percent of all legislation placed before the Congress of the United States addresses science-related questions and issues.

  11. Chemistry: The Central ScienceA situation to ponder… Collagen cross-link inhibitors that significantly reverse various aspects of aging have recently been discovered.

  12. Chemistry: The Central Science CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Chemistry: The Central ScienceA situation to ponder… Clinically tested to be safe and effective collagen cross-link inhibitors should be • available to the general public. • available only to those 21 and older. • available only by prescription. • prohibited because of their abuse potential. • prohibited because growing old should be natural.

  13. Chemistry: The Central Science CHECK YOUR ANSWER Chemistry: The Central ScienceCHECK YOUR ANSWER Clinically tested to be safe and effective collagen cross-link inhibitors should be • available to the general public. • available only to those 21 and older. • available only by prescription. • prohibited because of their abuse potential. • prohibited because growing old should be natural. Stay Informed !

  14. The Submicroscopic World A single grain of sand contains about 125 million trillion atoms.

  15. The Submicroscopic World A single grain of sand contains about 125 million trillion atoms. How much is 125 million trillion??

  16. The Submicroscopic World Roughly 250,000 dunes of this size containabout 125 million trillion grains of sand.

  17. The Submicroscopic World Roughly 250,000 dunes of this size contain about 125 million trillion grains of sand. Yet, that’s how many atoms there are in a single grain of sand. (Atoms are small.)

  18. Chemistry: The Submicroscopic WorldA situation to ponder… Are atoms made of molecules or are molecules made of atoms?

  19. The Submicroscopic World

  20. Physical and Chemical Properties • A physical property describes the look or feel of a substance.

  21. Physical and Chemical Properties • A physical property describes the look or feel of a substance. • A chemical property describes the tendency of a substance to transform into a new substance.

  22. Physical and Chemical Properties It is a chemical property of iron to transform into rust.

  23. Physical and Chemical Properties • Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance.

  24. Physical and Chemical Properties • Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. • Chemical change: the transformation of one or more substances into others.

  25. Physical and Chemical Properties • Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. • Chemical change: the transformation of one or more substances into others. A substance is identified not only by the kinds of atoms it contains but also by how those atoms are connected to one another.

  26. Physical and Chemical Properties • Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. • Chemical change: the transformation of one or more substances into others. A substance is identified not only by the kinds of atoms it contains but also by how those atoms are connected to one another. During a chemical change, a new substance is formed as atoms rearrange themselves into new configurations.

  27. Physical and Chemical Properties • Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance. • Chemical change: the transformation of one or more substances into others.

  28. Physical and Chemical Properties CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR The transformation of oxygen, O2, into ozone, O3, is an example of • a physical change. • a chemical change. • both a physical and chemical change. • neither a physical nor chemical change. O=O O O O=O O O=O O O O oxygen ozone

  29. Physical and Chemical Properties CHECK YOUR ANSWER The transformation of oxygen, O2, into ozone, O3, is an example of • a physical change. • a chemical change. • both a physical and chemical change. • neither a physical nor chemical change. O=O O O O=O O O=O O O O oxygen ozone Explanation: The same kinds of atoms are involved but how they are arranged is completely different. Thus, a new substance has been formed.

  30. Determining Physical & Chemical Changes • A physical change imposes a new set of conditions on the same material.

  31. Determining Physical & Chemical Changes • A physical change imposes a new set of conditions on the same material. • A chemical change forms a new material with its own unique set of physical properties.

  32. Determining Physical & Chemical Changes • A physical change imposes a new set of conditions on the same material. • A chemical change forms a new material with its own unique set of physical properties. • Both physical and chemical changes result in a change in physical appearance.

  33. Determining Physical and Chemical Changes CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Melting a piece of solid gold would be… • a physical change. • a chemical change. • both a physical and chemical change. • neither a physical nor chemical change.

  34. Determining Physical and Chemical Changes CHECK YOUR ANSWER Melting a piece of solid gold would be… • a physical change. • a chemical change. • both a physical and chemical change. • neither a physical nor chemical change. Explanation: The gold is still gold, it is now in a liquid state.

  35. Determining Physical and Chemical Changes CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR Tarnishing a piece of silver would be… • a physical change. • a chemical change. • both a physical and chemical change. • neither a physical nor chemical change.

  36. Determining Physical and Chemical Changes CHECK YOUR ANSWER Tarnishing a piece of silver would be… • a physical change. • a chemical change. • both a physical and chemical change. • neither a physical nor chemical change. Explanation: Tarnish transforms pure silver, Ag, to silver sulfide, Ag2S.

  37. Elements to Compounds • Element: A material made of only one kind of atom. Pure gold is an example as it is made of only gold atoms.

  38. Elements to Compounds • Element: A material made of only one kind of atom. Pure gold is an example as it is made of only gold atoms. • Atom: The fundamental unit of an element.

  39. Elements to Compounds • Element: A material made of only one kind of atom. Pure gold is an example as it is made of only gold atoms. • Atom: The fundamental unit of an element. The term “element” is used when referring to macroscopic quantities. The term “atom” is used when discussing the submicroscopic.

  40. Elements to Compounds • Elemental formula: Used to show the proportion by which atoms combine to form an element. Compound Formula O2 Oxygen O3 Ozone S8 Sulfur Au Gold

  41. Elements to Compounds • Compound: A substance consisting of atoms of different elements.

  42. Elements to Compounds • Compound: A substance consisting of atoms of different elements. • Compounds have properties uniquely different from the elements from which they are made.

  43. Elements to Compounds • Compound: A substance consisting of atoms of different elements. • Compounds have properties uniquely different from the elements from which they are made.

  44. Elements to Compounds • Compound: A substance consisting of atoms of different elements. • Compounds have properties uniquely different from the elements from which they are made. • Chemical formula: Used to show the proportion by which elements combine to form a compound.

  45. Elements to Compounds • Chemical formula: Used to show the proportion by which elements combine to form a compound. Compound Formula NaCl Sodium chloride NH3 Ammonia H2O Water

  46. Naming Compounds • Guideline 1 • Start with the element farthest to the left in the periodic table.

  47. NamingCompounds • Guideline 1 • Start with the element farthest to the left in the periodic table. • For the element to the right, add the suffix -ide.

More Related