Critical Use Nominations: Final Recommendations MBTOC Cochairs : Mohamed Besri

1. 23rd MOP - Bali • Critical Use Nominations: • Final Recommendations • MBTOC Cochairs: • Mohamed Besri • Michelle Marcotte • Marta Pizano • Ian Porter Montreal Protocol, MOP-23, 21-25 November, Bali

2. MB Global Consumption 1991-2010 Consumption 2010 Non A5 - xxx t A5 - xxx t (approx.) Consumption 2010 Non A5 - xxx t A5 - xxx t (approx.) A2 consumption 2942 t A5 consumption 3998 t Note: Reported Consumption for QPS Uses in 2010 - Non-A5: 4,945 t ; A5: 5,558 t

3. Reported A5 consumption in 2010 is 3,998 t, and this amount is due for phase out by 2015. This consumption was 25% of the total A5 baseline of approx. 16,000 t. Over the last decade, MB consumption in A5 countries has fallen by about 1000 t per year. Progress in A5 Parties in 2010

4. Trends in Total Amount (t) of MB Approved or Recommended for Critical Uses (2010 - 2013) tonnes Overall, CUNs continue to fall from 2010 to 2013 for the remaining nominating Parties.

5. Reductions in Total Amounts of MB (tonnes*) Exempted (CUE) by Party *Numbers rounded to nearest tonne

6. Adjustments to CUE Amounts - Consideration of Stocks (Dec IX/6 1,bii) • MBTOC CUE recommendations did not take stocks into account and left this for the Parties to take into account. • Stocks reported by USA in 2010 are 2.6 times the 2013 US nomination of 692 t.

7. The US made applications for MB quantities for research for 16 preplant soil and commodity trials in 2012 and 2013. In its interim assessment, MBTOC considered these CUNs ‘unable to assess’ as there was insufficient information to make a recommendation, except in the cured pork sector for 2012. In July the US revised the nominated amounts from 7.5 t to 2.6 t for 2012 and from 7.5 t to 2.5 t for 2013. After further requests from MBTOC, the US withdrew the research nominations in October as the Party stated ‘it was now possible to conduct the program without a CUE’. US Research Sector: Soils and SC

8. 23rd MOP - Bali MBTOC Soils

9. MB Preplant Soil Use - 2011 CUNs • Of the 13 CUNs submitted, MBTOC requested further information from the US to support 5 nominations (i.e. eggplants, cucurbits, peppers, tomatoes, strawberry fruit). • The US requested further re-evaluation of two nominations (ornamentals, strawberry fruit). • Reassessment of the nominations from Australia and Canada were not required.

10. Preplant Soil CUNs (tonnes) submitted for Final Assessment for 2013 # - USG Revised the nominations downwards and withdrew research nominations

11. Recommendations for Preplant Soil Use by Party in 2013(t)

12. Outcome of Final Recommendationsfor CUEs(tonnes) for Preplant Soils Uses

13. Final Recommendations - CUEs • Australia - (Strawberry runners - 29.76 t). Some soilless production adopted. No suitable chemical alternatives registered. Future reductions in MB appear to rely on registration of a MI/Pic. • MBTOC Recommends full amount. • Canada - (Strawberry runners - 5.596 t). Voluntary dose reduction accepted by grower. No chemical alternatives approved for this region in Prince Edward Island. A minority view (3 members) considered the research efforts insufficient. • MBTOC Recommends 93% (or 5.261 t) • US - (9 sectors - Vegetables (4), ornamentals, nurseries, orchard replant, strawberry field and runners - 610.339 t ) made a significant reduction in total amount nominated for soil uses compared to last year (33%). • MBTOCRecommends 87%

14. After the interim recommendations, the US advised (15th July, 2011) that it had: Reduced the CUN amounts for 4 nominations for 2013 - cucurbits, peppers, tomatoes and nurseries Reported to MBTOC that this would be the last CUN for the 4 vegetable sectors Provided new economic information to support CUNs Requested that the nomination for ornamentals be reassessed and the Californian amount reinstated. Requested review of the strawberry CUN Reassessment of US Nominations

15. CUN Final Recommendation:US Vegetables and Nurseries During its second meeting, MBTOC accepted the justification provided by the Party for the 4 nominations below.

16. CUN Final Recommendation: US Ornamentals (California) Recommendation MBTOC considered that for the Californian nomination alternatives, (eg. fumigants at reduced dosages with barrier films, substrates, steam + solarization) are available to support the proposed reduction.

17. CUN Final Recommendation: US Strawberry Fruit *At the OEWG, the Party was requested to substantiate any increase above the interim recommendation.

18. Final Recommendation (461.186 t). Further information provided by the Party did not demonstrate that technically and economically feasible alternatives were not available for specific soilborne pathogens, particularly for one area. Party may wish to submit a supplementary bid next round if there is technical justification to show that all available methods of 1,3-D/Pic and Pic, with or without barrier films, are not effective for the circumstances of the nomination (i.e. control Macrophomina and Fusarium in strawberry fruit). Minority view (6 members) Party had substantiated the nomination sufficiently and the authors supported the recommendation in full. Strawberry Fruit CUN

19. Recently, Canada advised the Secretariat that it had issued a permit for 1.9 t of MB under the ‘Emergency Use’ provisions of the Montreal Protocol. The Party stated that this was an unused quantity of the 2010 CUE amount approved for strawberry nurseries that was needed in early 2011. Emergency Use 2011 - Canada

20. MBTOC Structures and CommoditiesFinal CUN Recommendations 23 MOP - Bali

21. 2011 CUNs Structures (2 CUNs) Flour mills and cereal processing (Canada and US)Research (1 CUN) (US) Multiple postharvest aspects withdrawn by Party in October 2011 Commodities (4 CUNs) Chestnuts (Japan) Dry cured pork in storages (US) Dried fruit, walnuts and dates (US) Rice (Australia)

22. Final Recommendations for Postharvest CUNs for 2013

24. 2011 SC CUN Summary -1 Australia rice 2013; Nominated 2.374 tonnes. Recommended. For use on packaged rice. This represents ~35% decrease of the amount of MB granted by the Parties for this use for 2012. This surpasses Australia’s phase-out plan (-25%/yr). Rain in growing regions expected to increase 2011 harvests. Australia will stop using CUN MB in 2014 Canada flour mills 2013; Nominated 7.8 tonnes. Recommended. This is ~29% decrease of the amount granted by the Parties for 2012. The CUN is only sufficient for a single treatment of 7-8 of the 17-18 mills in the application.

25. 2011 SC CUN - 3 US commodities 2013; Nominated 0.822 tonnes. Recommended. For treatment of dried fruit, walnuts and dates. This is a 66% reduction over the amount granted by the Parties for use in 2012. The section on Controlled Atmosphere storage in the MBTOC Assessment report may assist the US to achieve this decrease. US mills and processors 2013; Nominated 25.334 tonnes. Recommended. For use in mills and food processing structures. This represents a 66% reduction in the amount granted by the Parties in 2012. The MBTOC-SC Special Report in SF Efficacy may assist the US to achieve this decrease.

26. 2011 SC CUN Summary - 2 Japan chestnuts 2013; Nominated 3.317 tonnes. Recommended. This is a 5% reduction of the amount of MB granted by the Party for this use in 2012. The registrant of methyl iodide (MI) requires more stringent safety controls and modern application methods for MI than are required for MB. As a result, improvements to fumigation chambers and farmer training programs were required. Thus, there have been delays in commercial adaptation. Last year Japan indicated it would stop using CUN MB for chestnuts in 2014.

27. 2011 CUN Summary - 4 The Party nominated 3.730 for Cured Pork in 2013 Interim recommendation Unable to assess, pending research results. Final Recommendation3.730 tonnes Research timeline and effort, meat storage methods and regulatory issues were reassessed resulting in recommendation. Minority view (1 member) Party had not met the requirements of Decision IX/6

28. Special Report on Efficacy of Sulfuryl Fluoride (SF) Observed lack of efficacy of sulfuryl fluoride in killing pest eggs in commercial practice. SF adopted by some Parties as the principal alternative to methyl bromide in structural and commodity uses. Lack of full effectiveness of SF against pest eggs contributes to several critical use nominations. MBTOC SC prepared a Special Review, of reported laboratory studies on SF in controlling eggs of stored product insect pests. Review as a basis for analysis and advice for full control of pests by SF in commercial fumigations.

29. MBTOC SC Special ReportSF Efficacy The usual commercial dosage rate of SF is sufficient to give full control (including eggs) of common pests. BUT, it is insufficient to fully control eggs of some common species of stored product insect pests – especially <25˚C. Fumigations which target only 95% efficacy in killing pest eggs can quickly result in severe re-infestation and eventually pest resistance. A 99% kill of infestations, including the egg state is economically necessary and avoids selecting for resistant strains of pests. Commercial conditions such as: cool temperature, leaky structures, presence of packaging materials results in inadequate fumigation.

30. 23rd MOP - Bali Economic Issues, Procedural Issues Workplan, Budget

31. Economic Issues • Alternatives to MB have been economically assessed through the ‘partial financial budget’ analysis. • • When the use of an alternative causes the gross margin to decline by more than 15 to 20 % , MBTOC considered the alternative not economically feasible. • • For Structures and Commodities, enterprise cost and revenue data is often not available, so only the changes in treatment costs have been taken into account

32. Workplan for 2012 CUN Round

33. Resourcing Issues Decision XVI/4 Annex 16 requires MBTOC to meet twice a year to review CUNs. We request clarification from the Parties in light of the reductions of CUNs, lack of funding of members, and that meetings can take place electronically. MBTOC cannot hold face to face meetings unless A(5) and Non A(5) members are funded to attend. Resourcing aspects discussed in MBTOC SC Report (October 2011) and in Workplan.