The same old questions

1. Chapter 9 The same old questions • Role of government? • Structure of government? • Who gets to decide? • The richest? • The best educated? • A few? • Many? • Most? • Everyone? ?

2. Remember the POPULISTS?????Chapter 9 Sec. 1The Progressive Era THEME: Class Conflict BIG QUESTION: “Why did reform succeed to a much greater degree during the Progressive Era?”

3. Foward to 1:16 6 Goals of Progressivism • Protect Social Welfare • Promoting Moral Improvement • Creating Economic “fairness” • More Democracy • Reducing the chaotic inefficiency @ the LOCAL Level • Reducing the chaotic inefficiency @ the STATE Level

4. 1. Streams of Reform: SOCIAL • The “Social Gospel” movement used Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount as a model of a Christian nation. • Settlement House Workers --Jane Addams, Hull House in Chicago (1889) • Americans of “Old Wealth” • YMCA: A place of refuge for young men • Florence Kelley: Child Labor

8. 1.SOCIAL (cont.) • Investigative Journalists aka “Muckrakers” • Lincoln Steffens: ____________________ • Ida Tarbell: ____________________ • Upton Sinclair: _______________________ • Linotype machine made magazines incredibly inexpensive. • Middle Class fear of growing violence inherent in growing gap of poor and super-rich

9. 2. Streams of Reform (MORAL) • CHILDREN: • National Child Labor Committee 1904 • Keating-Owen Act 1917 prohibitstransporting goods across state lions ifmade by children • More free public education • Prohibition • WCTU (Francis Willard) • Carry A. Nation • by 1914 over ½ the states are dry • Anti-Immigrant???????? • Women (protection of): • Prostitution: By 1917 49 states have outlawed prostitution • Mann Act: immoral porpoises

10. The disturbing photos were all taken by • Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives (1890) • Industrial workers hideously poor, living in squalor and working in dangerous conditions • Little concern for Black America

11. P.E.T.AToday’s moralreformers??

12. 3. Streams of Reform (ECONOMIC) • SOCIALISM: • Eugene V. Debs: President of the American Railway Union and a Socialist • Helen Keller • Big Business is just getting TOO much help from the governments • Work Conditions • Workers compensation if owner is at fault • The Supreme Court • Louis Brandeis: Muller v. Oregon (protection for female workers) • 10 hour day movement: they win with Bunting v. Oregon 1917

13. Eugene Debs American Railway Union

14. 4. Streams of Reform (LESS CHAOS) • GROWING gap between rich and poor might lead to VIOLENCE • STRIKES are wasteful in the long run • Owners turned factories over to managers who want order, not constant worker problems • Sanitary/Food problems • Pure food and Drug Act • Truth in labeling laws • Federal Meat Inspection Act • FDA • TAYLORISM: science applied to the FACTORY

15. 5. Streams of Reform (LOCAL) • Galveston creates City Commission system of 5 TRAINED experts. • Dayton Ohio creates a PROFESSIONAL mayor (college ed.) • Mayors set GRADUATED income tax. • City planning with Parks, and greenbelts • Extension of Pendleton to LOCAL politics • Decreases the power of THE BOSSES.

16. Spoils System • 1. find 3 symbols from • this political cartoon • Explain Mr. Nast’s • caption?

17. 6. Streams of Reform (STATE) • Wisconsin governor: Follette set up the Wisconsin system. College professors to head up commissions. Especially went after RR’s • Initiative, Referendum and Recall • The Secret Ballot happens @ state level 1st • Labor laws happen at state level 1st. • Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment 1913) • Extension of Pendleton to state level jobs • Direct Primaries @ state level first • Universal Suffrage at state level 1st

18. State's long before National level

19. The Failures • Women’s suffrage not till 1920 • Civil rights for Blacks • Understanding tests • Poll Taxes • Grandfather Laws • Plessey V. Ferguson

20. ` The Jungle

21. Chp 9 section 2. Women • Immigrant women did factory work • 70% that worked, worked in domestic jobs • A FEW with middle and upper class leisure time wanted the thrill of RE-FORMING society. • NAWSA: know the leaders!!!!! • NACW: since nice white women didn’t let in colored women… • Educational opportunities changed: • Suffrage, a 3-part plan: • State enfranchisement first • The courts • An amendment to the Constitution (1920 – 19th amendment)

22. I have argued “He who has the gold makes the rules”. So why did Progressivism succeed? Why did the rich let all these reform laws get passed? • As managers began to run the big businesses they realized that SOME labor reform would reduce wasteful strikes and discord. • Some “cleanliness” laws destroyed the smaller competitors who were reducing profits for everyone. • Muckrakers exposed the depth of the unsafe conditions in a way that could not be ignored. • Ida tarbell and Standard Oil • The Jungle by Sinclair Lewis • TEDDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

23. Progressivism: Theodore RooseveltChapter 9 sections 3 A Square Deal • Great drive, energy and exciting personality • Born Wealthy, but sickly • NYC police commissioner • Spanish-American War experience -- “Rough Riders” • Governor of NY • Picked as Vice-President only b/c he was from NY! What Image(s) was this composite designed to portray?

24. QUESTION!IF, as we have repeatedly said, Big bidness controlled government then why did they allow such a progressive reformer to BECOME President??????

26. First Term as President (1901-1904) • McKinley’s assassination • Offered energetic national leadership • Cast every issue in moral and patriotic terms --The “Bully Pulpit” • Master Politician • Modest goals for his “accidental” first term.

27. Teddy’s First Term • 1st President to use Sherman Anti-Trust correctly. • 1902 broke up Morgans Northern Securities Co. (Railroads) • But then helped Morgan create the GIANT U.S. Steel worth $1 Billion Dollars • Broke up 44 other trusts that did not understand it was OK to be big, as long as you listened to Teddy.

28. What makes the “Good Trust” Good? What’s with this dude?

29. 1902 Coal Strike. Labor wanted Owners wanted No Pay increase 10 hour workday No right to strike Open Shop Laws Threatened to shut down all coal mines for a year during a bitter winter. • 20% pay increase • 8 hour workday • The right to strike • A “Closed Shop” WWTD?

30. Control the Railroads • 1903 Elkins Act: no kickbacks, rebates, and must publish all rates and stick to them. • Hepburn Act: No free passes to the press or government officials. • I.C.C. staffed with trained officials set MAXIMUM rates for everyone.

31. Second Term as President (1905-1909) • More vigorous progressivism • Hepburn Act: No free passes to the press or government officials. • I.C.C. staffed with trained officials set MAXIMUM rates for everyone. • Federal Meat Inspection Act (1906) • Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

32. (Conservation) • Yosemite National Park 1903 • Increased Federal Reserve Act landsfrom 45 million acres to 200 million. • Los Angeles Aqueduct Act: • New Lands Reclamation Act actually wound up hurting the environment by diverting rivers for irrigation and recreation

33. Jellystone National Park John Muir

34. The Minor successes/failures • More states encouraged to allow women’s suffrage, but no federal law untill 1920 • Civil rights for Blacks • Desegregated Federal jobs under his control • Invited Booker T Washington tothe WHITE house for dinner. • NAACP goals were ignored.

35. Panic of 1907 • Over-speculation • Inelastic $ supply • Blamed on Teddy and his: • Reforms • Trust busting • Conservation • Etc. • Teddy pushes Aldrich-Vreeland Act: authorizes national gov’t to print extra money in times of emergency.

36. Chapter 9 Sec. 3 A “Tough Act To Follow” Or “Takes Advice From Teddy”The Presidency of William Howard Taft (1909-1913) • Taft’s political experience • Taft’s weight • Not a dynamic politician • Never completely comfortable as President • Poor speaker • Poor Politician • Had to lead after TEDDY The Taft bath, to replace the One he got stuck in

37. Presidency of Taft (cont.) • Controversy over the Payne-AldrichTariff to LOWER (GASP!!!) the tariff. • Pinchot (Teddy’s Conservation guy) is fired by Taft over the Ballinger Affair (Pro-Bidness guy) • More conservative than Teddy by • Supporting the “Old Guard” Uncle Joe Cannon • Dismissing the growing new Progressive Republicans (Fighting Bob) • 1910: Republicans lose the House • Socialist Berger wins a House seat • Growing tension with Teddy Roosevelt who returns and unites unhappy Progressive Republican and the unhappy Northern Democrats into the …

39. The Election of 1912 • Teddy returns from Africa • Growing split within the Republican Party • BULL MOOSE PARTY

40. When Teddy and Taft Knock Each other Out,It opens the Whitehouse door to the Democrats

41. The Candidates

42. The Republican Party &President William H. Taft

43. Theodore Roosevelt Wants to run as a republican

44. TheAnti-Third-TermPrinciple

45. The “Bull Moose”Party (aka the Progressives):The LatestArrivalat thePolitical Zoo ?

46. An Actual 1912 Ballot

47. When the race is close--the losers can gain power. All 3 major candidates must out-progressive the others

48. Wilson Wins

49. CHAPTER 9Section 5 WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM is a reaction to Teddy’s New Nationalism

50. Teddy’s New Nationalism platform in the 1912 presidential election advocated ALL of the following EXCEPT • an active role for government in economic and social affairs. • federal regulatory agencies to control the trusts. • woman suffrage. • social-welfare programs like minimum-wage laws and social insurance. • the break up of most large trusts and labor unions.